Sermon 10
How the soul flows out from God and flows back to God
Sermon 10 (Evans numbering)
In brief
This sermon opens with a hard instruction: look for God in error, forgetfulness, and foolishness, not in certainty and cleverness. Eckhart then gives a close account of how the soul is built, borrowing from the Christian Neoplatonist Dionysius the Areopagite. He pictures the soul as a set of powers in order, senses under reason, reason under intuition, intuition under will, all of it meant to answer finally to God alone.
Most of the sermon traces one movement running two ways. God's being flows out of itself into the three Persons of the Trinity and then into every created thing, giving a stone its being, a plant its growth, an animal its feeling, a human being all of these plus reason. In the soul that has let go of attachment to created things, that same movement runs backward, flowing toward the single, simple being it came from, until the soul, Eckhart says, sinks into an abyss beyond words and form.
In plain English
Sermon 10
A person has to seek God in error and forgetfulness and foolishness. Deity holds within it the power of all things, and nothing else is like it. The supreme light of the undivided essence shines on all things.
MEISTER ECKHART
Saint Dionysius says that beauty is good order joined with outstanding clarity. In this sense God is an ordering of three Persons. And the soul's lower powers should be ordered toward her higher powers, and her higher powers toward God: her outward senses toward her inward senses, her inward senses toward reason, thought toward intuition, and intuition toward the will, and all of this toward unity, so that the soul may be alone, with nothing flowing into her but pure divinity, flowing here into itself. As Saint Dionysius says, through purity she has found her own capacity, and only her higher powers are at work.
One philosopher has said that as soon as the chief power takes command, all the other powers run into it and leave their own work behind. Then the soul is in order, in her pure nature, in her supreme light-nature where all things exist as possibility. A pagan teacher says, if the soul knew herself she would know all things. Deity flowed into the Father and into the Son and into the Holy Spirit: in eternity into itself, and in time into creatures, giving each as much as it can hold: to the stone its being, to the tree its growth, to animals their sensation, to the angels their reason, and to humankind all four of these natures. When God became man he took on, by grace and in time, the nature of all things, which in eternity was already his by nature. As Saint Paul says, 'To me Christ is all things.' Here it was a matter of the light and reflection of his own nature. God's being is a fountain: flowing and fixed, the last as well as the first. From being, power flows out into work. In this sense the three Persons are the storehouse of divinity, and the three Persons are poured out into the essence of the soul as grace. God's being in the essence of the soul is the likeness of the Persons, and one being runs through the other. The soul's chief power flows from the essence of the soul, just as the three Persons come forth from the Godhead. And when God pours his grace into the soul, it is into her essence that he pours it. For nothing, no speck, can ever fall into the soul's essence, whatever her powers may do. The chief power of the soul draws its strength from the grace that exists in the essence of the soul, and this highest power goes out into the lower powers, into their essence. The growing soul, the spirit open to receive God's nature, is the likeness of Christ's Person and of human nature. When the soul reaches divine nature she is stripped of all lack and imperfection. She undergoes a kind of death in divine nature, receiving God's nature in herself just as the Father has it in himself. She does not take this from her own nature, she receives it from God's nature into her nature. She receives perfection and power, according to the words of Saint Paul: 'I can do all things in him who strengthens me.' The wisdom that arises from this in her mind begins in understanding and is perfected in will, and it has neither heart nor thought. Saint Dionysius says: as the soul takes the outgoing tide
to journey out into eternity and time and into her own intelligence, so on the ebb tide she returns. As God, the soul flows back again, without effort. God returns to himself, as little mindful of his own things as if they did not exist. And the soul shall do the same. She shall grasp, by her human nature, the Person of the Son, and with the Person of the Son she shall grasp the Father and the Holy Spirit in both of them, and both of them in the Holy Spirit. And with the Person of the Father she shall grasp his simple essence, and with the essence, the abyss, and shall sink into the void that has no matter and no form. Matter and form, being and knowledge, she loses in this unity, for she herself has come to nothing. God does all her work. He keeps her in his being and leads her by his power into his very Godhead, where she flows with deity itself into everything that God flows into. She is the place of all things and has no place of her own. This is the most eternal wisdom, which has neither heart nor thought. The soul flows so near to God that many people are deceived by it, but what she is, she is by grace, and where she is, she is there by another's power. Yet she comes close enough to God that, in the power of the Father, she is clothed with divinity by grace, the same way the Father has it by nature. Saint Paul says: 'In the same image we shall go from one glory to another,' meaning that we shall receive divinity in its perfection and everything that follows from it. In this, she shall conceive divinity just as it conceives itself, and her will and God's will shall be one. Whatever God may be, we shall be that with God. No one can reach this while still in the body, but when God gives the soul his final gift, the vision of his Godhead, the soul is raised up into the Trinity. May we come to this. So help us God. Amen.
Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.
Read the 1924 translation
MAN HAS TO SEEK GOD IN ERROR AND FORGETFULNESS
Man has to seek God in error and forgetfulness and foolishness. For deity has in it the power of all things and no thing has the like. The sovran light of the impartible essence illumines all things.
Jostes, No. 3.
St Dionysius says that beauty is good order with pre-eminent lucidity. Thus God is an arrangement of three Persons. And the soul's lower powers should be ordered to her higher and her higher ones to God; her outward senses to her inward and her inward ones to reason; thought to intuition and intuition to the will and all to unity, so that the soul may be alone with nothing flowing into her but sheer divinity, flowing here into itself. As St Dionysius says, By purity she has discovered her capacity and only her superior powers are in operation.
It has been said by one philosopher that as soon as the chief power takes command the others all run into it, leaving their own work. Then the soul is in order and in her pure nature, in her supernal light-nature wherein all things are potential. A heathen doctor says, If the soul knew herself she would know all things. Deity flowed into the Father and into the Son and into the Holy Ghost: in eternity into itself and in time into creatures, to each as much as it can hold: to the stone its being, to the tree its growth, to beasts sensation, to the angels reason and to mankind all these four natures. When God was made man he took upon himself by grace, in time, the nature of all things, which in eternity was his by nature. As St Paul says, 'To me Christ is all things.' Here it was a matter of the light and reflection of his own nature. God's being is fontal: flowing and fixed, final as well as the first. From being power flows out into work. In this sense the three Persons are the storehouse of divinity and the three Persons are poured forth into the essence of the soul as grace, God's being in the essence of the soul is the imitation of the Persons and one being permeates the other. Her chief power flows from the essence of the soul just as the three Persons issue from the Godhead. And when God pours his grace into the soul it is into her essence that he pours it. For into the soul's essence no speck can ever fall, do her powers what they may. The chief power of the soul draws its virtue from the grace existing in the essence of the soul and this highest power goes out into the lower ones, into their essence. The crescent soul, the spirit receptive of God's nature, is the imitation of Christ's Person and man's nature. The soul when she reaches divine nature is deprived of all deficiency and imperfection; she suffers death in divine nature, getting God's nature in herself as the Father does in him. She takes it not from her own nature, she receives it from God's nature into her nature; she receives perfection and power according to the words of St Paul, 'I can do all things in him that strengtheneth me.' The wisdom thence arising in her mind begins in understanding and is perfected in will and it has neither heart nor thought. St Dionysius says. As the soul takes the outgoing tide
to journey in eternity and time and in her own intelligence, so on the ebb does she return; as God the soul flows back again, without exertion. God returns to himself as little mindful of his own as though they were not. And the soul shall do the same. She shall grasp with her manhood the Person of the Son, and with the Person of the Son she shall apprehend the Father and the Holy Ghost in both, and them both in the Holy Ghost; and with the Person of the Father she shall apprehend his simple essence, and with the essence the abyss, and shall sink into the void without matter and without form. Matter and form, being and knowledge, she loses in this unity, for she herself has come to naught. God does all her work, he preserves her in his being and leads her in his power into his very Godhead where she flows with deity itself into all God flows into. She is all things' place and has herself no place. This is the most eternal wisdom, which has neither heart nor thought. So nigh soul flows to God that many are deceived; but what she is she is by grace, and where she is she is by another's power. Yet she approaches near enough to God to be, in the power of the Father, invested with divinity by grace the same as the Father is by nature. St Paul says: 'In the same image we shall go from one glory to another,' meaning, we shall receive divinity in its perfection and all that is consequent thereon. Therein she shall conceive divinity as it conceives itself and her will and God's will shall be one: whatever God may be we shall be with God. No one can attain it in this body, but when God gives the soul his final gift, the vision of his Godhead, the soul is raised up in the Trinity. May we attain to this, So help us God. Amen.
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