Sermon 57
Hidden in God: Eckhart on suffering without complaint
Sermon 57 (Evans numbering)
In brief
This sermon starts with a bold claim: Christ hid his divine power inside an ordinary human life, and he asks us to do the reverse, to hide our human weakness inside his divine life. For Eckhart this means being so given over to God that insults, sickness, hard luck, and even God's own silence cannot move us.
From there Eckhart pushes further into one of his sharper ideas: we know God best by 'naught', by stripping away every image and even every virtue we cling to, until nothing stands between us and God. He closes by turning to the suffering of Christ, asking the reader to carry it close and to answer it with a life that no longer complains about its own small wounds.
In plain English
Sermon 57
A master cries out, 'Dear God, how well my love has borne fruit for me!'
Our Lord says to every loving soul, 'I became man for you, and if you are not God for me you wrong me. I, in my God-nature, dwelled in your human nature, so that no one guessed my godly power, seeing me walk like any other man. And in the same way you shall hide your humanity in my divinity, and no one shall guess your human weakness: your life being wholly divine, they shall see nothing in you but God.' This does not mean soft words or a pious manner or a great show of holiness, so that our name, carried far and wide, is highly honored by the friends of God; nor does it mean that, as cherished and chosen by God, we fondly imagine God has forgotten every other creature but ourselves, and that whatever we ask of God is granted at once. No, not at all! That is not what God wants from us: it is the complete opposite.
He wants us to be found wholly unmoved when people call us cheats and liars or whatever else it may be that strips us of our good name, through evil speech and through evil deeds as well: denying us our animal necessities, and affecting our temporal needs as well as causing bodily harm. He wants our sickness, or whatever illness it may be, to help us in our bodily work, so that we always do our best even when people turn it to the worst account. Further, he wants us to suffer in this way from people as well as from God, who, withholding his present consolation from us, builds something like a wall between us, so that when we bring our work to him seeking his help and comfort, he acts as though he has shut his eyes and refuses to see or hear. He leaves us standing in our need to fight alone, like Christ forsaken by his Father. Then, hiding us in his divinity, he lets us stand unbowed by sorrow, with no help but the words Christ spoke, 'Father, your will be done.'
Such is the nature of God that we come to know it by nothing better than by nothing itself. How, by nothing? By getting rid of all means, not merely by giving up the world and the possession of virtue. I must let virtue go if I want to see God face to face. Virtue is innate in me, and I honor it even as I pass beyond it. When a person's mind has lost touch with everything, then, and not until then, it comes into touch with God. A pagan philosopher said that nature cannot go beyond nature. Therefore no creature can see God. If he is seen, it must be in a light that is beyond nature. Theologians raise a question: when God lifts the soul above himself and above all creatures and leads her home into himself, why does he not also raise up the body, so that it has no earthly needs? One of the masters, I think Saint Augustine, answers this as follows. When the soul reaches union with God, then at last the body enjoys all things to God's glory. All creatures have flowed forth through man, and the body's reasonable use of creatures brings the soul an added dignity, for creatures can find no better way back to their source than through the righteous person who can say that even for an instant their soul has been absorbed in union with God. For then there is nothing standing between God and the soul, and as far as the soul follows God into the desert of his Godhead, so far the body follows the bodily Christ into the desert of his willing poverty. As the soul is united with his divinity, so the body is reconciled in Christ through the working of true virtue. Then the heavenly Father may well say, 'This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased,' for he has found his only Son present in the soul, and has begotten her as his only Son.
From the very bottom of my heart I say: how can anything afflict you or be hard to bear, when you consider that he who existed yonder in the form of God, in the day of his eternity and in the glory of the saints, who was before born as the splendor and substance of God, entered the prison, the trap of your sense-nature, which is so unclean that anything, however pure, is stained and fouled by coming near it, and yet he dwelled there for your sake? What is there you would not gladly suffer, reading of the bitterness of your Lord and God, thinking over the afflictions, all the sorrows that befell him? The scorn and contempt he bore from king and soldier, from rogues and passersby at his cross? How the glory of the eternal light was mocked and scorned and tortured? See what innocence, compassion and true love, shown to me nowhere more clearly than where the power of love pierced his heart. Make then a bundle of the sorrows of your Lord God and let it rest between your breasts. Consider and take to heart his virtues, how all his works serve your good, and pay him back in his own coin for his shameful and disgraceful death and his suffering nature, in which he, sinless, suffered for your sin as though it had been his own, as he says in the Prophets concerning his afflictions, 'Look, I suffer for my sins,' and speaking of the fruits of all his labors, 'By your works you shall possess this kingdom,' calling our sins his sins and his works our works. He has answered for our sins as though he had committed them, while we profit from his works as though they were our own. This should make our labor light, for the good knight does not lament his own wounds when he sees his king wounded alongside him. He offers us the drink he drank himself. He asks nothing of us but what he has already done or suffered. We ought to suffer gladly, for God did nothing else while he lived on earth. May we so pass beyond and lose our human nature, with all its weakness, in God's nature, that nothing is found in us but good alone. So help us God. Amen.
Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.
Read the 1924 translation
SUCH IS THE NATURE OF GOD
A master cries, Dear God, how well for me did my love bear fruit!
Our Lord says to every loving soul, I was made man for you, and if ye are not God for me ye wrong me. I in my God-nature did dwell in your man's nature, so that none guessed my godly might seeing me walk like any other man. And even so shall ye in your humanity hide you in my divinity, and none shall guess your human weakness: your life being all divine they shall see naught in you but God.' This does not mean soft words or pious mien or much parade of holiness, so that our name borne far and wide is highly honoured by the friends of God; nor that as cherished and elect of God we fondly think God has forgot all creatures but ourselves and anything we ask of God is straightway done. No, not by any means! That is not what God wants of us: all the other way.
He would have us found wholly unmoved when people call us cheats and liars or whatever it may be whereby we are bereft of our fair name; and not only evil speaking but evil deeds as well: denying us our animal necessities; and not only temporal needs but bodily hurt. (He would that) our sickness, or whatever ill it be, should help us in our bodily work; that we should always do our best despite that people turn it to the worst account; further, that we should suffer in this sense not alone from people but from God as well, who, withholding from us his present consolation, builds as it were a wall between us and when we bring our work to him seeking his help and comfort, he behaves towards us as if he shut his eyes and refused to see or hear: he leaves us in our need to stand and fight alone, like Christ forsaken by his Father. Then hiding us in his divinity, behold us unbowed down by woe and with no other help than the words Christ uttered,
Father, thy will be done.'
Such is the nature of God that we know it by nothing better than naught. -- How, by naught? -- By getting rid of all means, not merely by spurning the world and the possession of virtue; I must let virtue go if I would see God face to face; not that I should flout virtue, but virtue being innate in me I transcend virtue. When a man's mind has lost touch with every thing then, not till then, it comes in touch with God. A heathen philosopher has said, nature cannot transcend nature. Ergo, no creature can see God. If he is seen it must be in light that is supernatural. Theologians have a question, When God uplifts the soul above himself and above all creatures and leads her home into himself, why does he not raise up the body too so that it has no earthly needs? One of the masters -- I think St Augustine -- answers this as follows. When the soul attains to union with God then at last the body enjoys all things to God's glory. Through man all creatures have flowed forth and the body's rational use of creatures is not a drawback to the soul: it is an added dignity, for creatures can find no better way of returning to their source than in the righteous man who of his soul can say that even for an instant it has been absorbed in union with God. For then there is no obstacle between God and the soul, and as far as the soul follows God into the desert of his Godhead so far the body follows the bodily Christ into the desert of his willing poverty: as the soul is united with his deity so the body is atoned in Christ by the operation of true virtue. Well, then may the heavenly Father say, This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased,' for not only has he begotten in the soul his only Son: he has begotten her his only Son.
From the very bottom of my heart I say, Man, how can aught afflict thee or be hard to bear when thou considerest that he who yonder subsisted in the form of God and in the day of his eternity and in the glory of the saints, and who before was born the splendour and substance of God, did enter the prison, the trap of thy sense-nature which is so unclean that aught, however pure, is besmirched and fouled by coming near it, yet notwithstanding this he abode there for thy sake? What is there thou wouldst not gladly suffer, reading of the bitterness of thy Lord and God, pondering the afflictions, all the woes, that did befall him? The scorn and contumely he bore from king and soldier, from knaves and passers by his cross? How the glory of the eternal light was mocked and scorned and tortured? Behold, what innocence, compassion and true love, and nowhere shown to me more clearly than where the love-power pierced his heart. Make thee then a bundle of the woes of thy Lord God and let it lie between thy breasts. Regard and realize his virtues, how all his works make for thy weal, and see thou pay him back in his own coin his infamous and shameful death and his pain-bearing nature wherein he, sinless, suffered for thy sin as if it had been his; as he says in the Prophets concerning his afflictions, Lo, I suffer for my sins,' and speaking of the fruits of all his labours, By your works shall ye possess this kingdom!' calling our sins his sins and his works our works; and he has answered for our sins as though he had committed them, whereas we profit by his works as though they were our own. And this should make our labour light, for the good knight laments not his own wounds, seeing his king who is wounded with him. He offers us the drink he drank himself. He asks nothing of us but what he has already done or suffered. We ought to suffer gladly, for God did nothing else while he sojourned upon earth. May we in God's nature so transcend and lose our human nature, all our weakness, that nothing should be found in us but good alone. So help us God. Amen.
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