Meister Eckhart

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Sermon 12

Contemplation, costly poverty, and the birth of God in the soul

Sermon 12 (Evans numbering)

In brief

This sermon is about what it actually takes to reach contemplation, the quiet, direct awareness of God that Eckhart treats as the height of the spiritual life. He warns that very few people are ready for it, because they have not first lived well what he calls the life of Martha, the ordinary work of service and humility. Real poverty and humility, he says, are easy to want in theory and hard to live when they actually cost you something, such as your good name.

From there Eckhart moves into what happens when a soul does reach that point of surrender: he describes it as a birth, God bringing his own Son to life in the soul, the way the soul becomes freer the less it clings to anything, even to its own inner religious activity. He is careful to say the soul never actually becomes God, no matter how far gone from itself it feels. The sermon ends with a picture of heaven's shared joy and then moves past even that, into what Eckhart simply calls wonder, something he says the human mind was never built to get to the bottom of.

In plain English

Sermon 12

When a person delights to read or hear about God, that comes from divine grace and is noble entertainment for the soul. To hold God in one's thoughts is sweeter than honey, but to actually sense God is overflowing consolation to the noble soul, and union with God in love is everlasting joy which we taste here to the extent we are ready for it.

Very few are fully ripe for gazing into God's magic mirror. Very few have managed to live the contemplative life at all here on earth. Many begin it but fail to complete it, because they have not rightly lived the life of Martha. As the eagle casts out its young that cannot gaze at the sun, so it goes with the spiritual child.

Whoever wants to build high must lay a firm and strong foundation. The true foundation is the very way and pattern of our Lord Jesus Christ, who himself said: I am the way, the truth and the life.

Dionysius says, The soul shall follow God into the desert of his Godhead, so far as the body here follows Christ in willing outward poverty. But someone objects, That soul is idle. To this St Bernard answers: Waiting on God is not idleness but work that outdoes all other work for someone unskilled in it. To find God we must seek him in his Godhead. Christ says, If father and mother or anything else stand in the way, leave them for good and serve God unhindered. The philosopher says, The soul moved by the power of the Prime Cause needs no counsel from human wisdom. It obeys what is beyond wisdom, for it is moved by the hidden primal truth.

Though we meditate on the blessed works of our Lord's poverty and humility, if we do not want them for ourselves the thoughts are useless. And wanting them is useless too, unless we work hard to find how we may gain them.

We would like to be humble, but not despised. To be despised and rejected is the heritage of virtue. We would like to be poor too, but without lacking anything. And of course we are patient, except with hardships and things we dislike. And so it goes with all the virtues.

Those willingly poor, unconsoled by things that pass away, go down into the valley of humility. They are pursued by insult and hardship, the best school for self-knowledge. And self-knowledge brings knowledge of God.

My children, you who suffer insult, if the world rejects you, join in and reject yourselves along with it. Our Lord Jesus Christ said, The servant is not greater than his master. If the world hated me, know that it hated me before it hated you.

We ought to repay our Lord for all he has done. Plenty will follow our Lord halfway, but not the rest of the way. They will give up possessions, friends and honors, but it cuts too close when it means giving up themselves.

There are some who neither want nor look for honors, yet when honors come their way, they are affected by them anyway.

St Bernard says: When a soul comes to want what few desire, to be nameless, cast out and disgraced, and welcomes all of it equally, then she reaches peace and the true freedom needed for real vision in the mirror of divinity.

Perfect rest is complete freedom from motion. Our Lord says, Remain in my word and the truth will make you free. Freedom of soul consists in this: finding in herself no sin, tolerating in herself no spiritual imperfection. She is more free the less she holds onto anything that has a name, and the less it holds onto her. She is freest of all when she rises above her own selfhood and flows with all that she is into the bottomless depth of her first origin, into God himself.

Our Lord Jesus Christ urges us to give up all things so that we may be less hindered. St Bernard declares: All the time you do not spend on God is counted as lost to you. And again, The most subtle temptation we can face is to occupy ourselves too much with outward works. Further he says, The best preparation I know for heaven is having no home among outward things.

Our smallest interior act is higher and nobler than our grandest outward one, and yet our highest interior act still falls short before God's unveiled presence in the soul.

The very best work we can do is to prepare for union with the present God and wait for it with fixed intention.

St Paul says, Optimum esse unire deo: Best of all is to be one with God. In this union the soul is dead to all outward acts and also to all inward spiritual acts. God works unhindered, and the soul bears his divine working, yielding to it so completely that God brings forth his only Son in her no less than in himself. This is the atonement in which, in the blink of an eye, the soul becomes more one with God than by doing any act, bodily or spiritual. The more often this birth happens in the soul, the closer her union with God grows.

God is born in the empty soul by showing himself to her in a new form without form, without light in divine light.

St Augustine says, The soul being set aflame with divine love, God is born in the soul, the Holy Ghost being the one who kindles the love.

God has granted divine light to the soul so that he may freely work in his own image.

No creature can do what is not in its power. So the soul cannot act above herself, not even with the gift God has given her as her most exalted faculty. This light, divine as it is, is still created. The creator is one thing and the light another. So God comes to the soul in love, meaning for love to raise her to a higher power, to a function above her own. But love cannot show itself fully unless it meets or makes its match. As far as God finds his likeness in the soul, that far God is at work. If her love is boundless, God acts as boundless love.

A person might live a thousand years and keep growing the whole time in love, just as fire burns as long as there is wood. The bigger the fire and the stronger the wind, the fiercer it burns. Now put love in place of the fire and the Holy Ghost in place of the wind: the greater the love and the stronger the inspiration of the Holy Ghost in grace, the faster the work of perfection is done. Yet not all at once, but through the gradual growth of the soul. It would not be good for the whole person to be consumed at once.

The soul becomes so one with God that grace itself confines her. She is not satisfied with grace, for grace is a created thing. The soul is so strangely caught up that she does not know she exists. She imagines herself to be God, so completely has she gone out of herself. But however far she has gone from herself, she remains a creature. Pouring a drop of water into a vat of wine does not destroy the wine. Seeing herself, the soul sees spirit. Seeing the angels, she again sees spirit. But God is such pure spirit that soul and angel are nearly bodily compared to him. A portrait of the highest seraph painted in black would be a far better likeness than God painted as the highest seraph. That would be an outstanding unlikeness.

Now in the contemplative state we are consumed by fiery love in the Holy Ghost. Sooner than knowingly commit a sin, whether small or grave, we would choose to suffer every martyrdom that can be imagined.

If by one small sin we could release countless souls from hell, we would not do it. This is the love for God a person must have to be at home with him in contemplation. Beyond that, one must have an untroubled mind, and in preparing for it, a quiet, out-of-the-way place is needed. The body should rest from bodily labor, both of the hands and of the tongue and all five senses. The soul stays clearest in quiet, but a tired body often weighs it down with dullness. Then through steady effort we labor in divine love toward intellectual vision until, clearing a path through gathered senses, we rise beyond our own mind to the wonderful wisdom of God, though this is utterly beyond the grasp of any creature. We rise to divine heights. David says: Accedat homo ad cor altum et exaltabitur deus, that is, When a person rises to the summit of the mind, God is exalted. From this divine height we see how low and small creatures are. We feel a trace of the perfection and stability of eternity, for there is neither time nor space there, neither before nor after, only everything present in one new, ever-springing now where a thousand years last no longer than the blink of an eye. And we come to share in the many joys of the heavenly company. So great is the joy of Mary the Queen in heaven that if each member of the heavenly host had only a thousandth part of it, they would taste far more than they have ever earned. There every spirit rejoices in the joy of every other, each tasting it according to his measure. Every heavenly being is, knows, and loves in God, in his own self, and in every other spirit, whether soul or angel. And the shared awareness of one God in three Persons, and the Three who are one God, gives such inexpressible, wondrous satisfaction that every longing is fulfilled. And what they are full of, they go on desiring without end, and what they desire is wholly theirs in new, ever-springing, joyful delight, theirs to enjoy in complete safety from everlasting to everlasting.

After that we press on into the truth, into the simplicity that God is in himself, no longer seeking anything of his. So we fall into a strange wonder. Let us remain in this wonder, for human understanding has no power to get to the bottom of it. Searching the depths of divine wonder only stirs up fresh doubt.

Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.

Read the 1924 translation

CONTEMPLATION, HINTS AND PROMISES

When a man delights to read or hear tell about God, that comes of divine grace and is lordly entertainment for the soul. To entertain God in one's thoughts is sweeter than honey, but to be sensible of God is teeming consolation to the noble soul, and union with God in love is everlasting joy which we relish here as we are fitted for it.

They are all too few who are fully ripe for gazing in God's magic mirror. Precious few succeeded in living the contemplative life at all here upon earth. Many begin, but fail to consummate it. Because they have not rightly lived the life of Martha. As the eagle spurns its young that cannot gaze at the sun, even so fares it with the spiritual child.

He who would build high must lay firm and strong foundations. The true foundation is the very way and pattern of our Lord Jesus Christ, who himself declared: 'I am the way, the truth and the life.'

Dionysius says, 'The soul shall follow God into the desert of his Godhead, so far as here the body follows Christ in outward willing poverty.' -- 'But that soul is idle.' To which St Bernard answers: 'Waiting upon God is not idleness but work which beats all other work to one unskilled in it.' In order to find God, we must seek him in his Godhead. Christ says, 'If father and mother or anything else be a hindrance, quit them for good and serve God unhindered.' The philosopher says, 'The soul which is moved by the power of the Prime Cause need seek no counsel from any human wisdom; he is obeying what transcends wisdom, for he is moved by the latent primitive truth.'

Though we meditate upon the blessed works of our Lord's poverty and his humility, yet coveting them not ourselves, the thoughts are useless. And to covet them is useless too, unless we diligently seek how we may acquire them.

We would fain be humble; but not despised. To be despised and rejected is the heritage of virtue. We would be poor too, but without privation. And doubtless we are patient, except with hardships and with disagreeables. And so with all the virtues.

The willing poor, unsolaced by corruptibles, descend into the valley of humility. They are pursued by insult and adversity, the best school of self-knowledge. And self-knowledge gets God-knowledge.

My children, ye who suffer insult, if the world reject you, do ye therewith likewise assail yourselves, helping to reject yourselves. Our Lord Jesus Christ said, 'The servant is not greater than his lord. If the world hate you, know ye it hated me before it hated you.'

We ought to recompense our Lord for all that he has done. There are plenty to follow our Lord half-way, but not the other half. They will give up possessions, friends and honours, but it touches them too closely to disown themselves.

Some there be, neither wanting nor looking for honours, yet, chancing to come their way, honours affect them.

St Bernard says: 'When a soul comes to wanting what few desire: to be nameless, outcast and disgraced, and makes all welcome equally, then she attains to peace and the true freedom needed for real vision in the mirror of divinity.'

Perfect rest is absolute freedom from motion. Our Lord says, 'Continue in my word and the truth shall make you free.' Freedom of soul consists in this: in finding in herself no sin; in tolerating in herself no spiritual imperfection. She is more free lacking all hold on what possesses name and it on her. Freest of all when she transcends her selfhood and flows with all she is into the bottomless abyss of her primordial mould, into God himself.

Our Lord Jesus Christ exhorts us to renounce all things that we may be less hindered. St Bernard declares: 'All the time thou occupiest not with God is accounted unto thee for lost.' And again, 'The most subtle temptation that can beset us is to occupy ourselves too much in outward works.' Further he says, 'The best preparation I know for heaven is having no home among externals.'

Our least interior act is higher and nobler than our grandest outward one, and yet our loftiest interior act halts in God's unveiled presence in the soul.

The very best work that we can do is to prepare for union with the present God and wait for this with fixed intention.

St Paul says, Optimum esse unire deo: Best of all is to be one with God. In this union the soul is dead, not only to all outward but also to all inward ghostly acts. God operates unhindered, and the soul bears his godly operation to which she yields obediently enough for God to bring to birth his only Son in her no less than in himself. This is the atonement wherein, in the twinkling of an eye, the soul is made more one with God than by her doing any act, bodily or ghostly. The oftener this birth happens in the soul the closer grows her union with God.

God is born in the empty soul by discovering himself to her in a new guise without guise, without light in divine light.

St Augustine says, 'The soul being aflame with divine love, God is born in the soul, the Holy Ghost being the enkindler of love.'

God has vouchsafed divine light to the soul that he may blithely work in his own image.

Now no creature can do what is not in its power. Hence the soul cannot act above herself, not even with the bridal gift that God has given her in the shape of her most exalted faculty. This light, albeit divine, is still created. The creator is one and the light another. So God comes to the soul in love, purposing that love shall raise her to a higher power, to a function superior to her own. But love fails to tell unless she meets or makes her match. As far as God finds his likeness in the soul, so far is God in operation. If her love is boundless, God acts as boundless love.

A man might live a thousand years and go on growing all the time in love, just as fire will burn so long as there is wood. The bigger the fire and the stronger the wind, the more fiercely it burns. Now put love for the fire and the Holy Ghost for the wind: the greater the love and the stronger the inspiration of the Holy Ghost in grace, the quicker the work of perfection is achieved. Yet not suddenly, but by the gradual growth of the soul. It would not be well for the whole man to be consumed at once.

The soul becomes so one with God that grace confines her; she is not satisfied with grace, for grace is creaturely. The soul is so curiously glamoured, she does not realise that she exists: she fancies herself God, so utterly she has escaped from self. But be she never so far gone from self, she goes on being creature. Pouring a drop of water into a vat of wine does not destroy it. Seeing herself the soul sees spirit; seeing the angels she again sees spirit; but God is such pure spirit that soul and angel are nigh bodily compared with him. A portrait of the highest seraph limned in black would be a better likeness far than God portrayed as highest seraph: that were a pre-eminent unlikeness.

Now in the contemplative state we are consumed by fiery love in the Holy Ghost. Sooner than knowingly commit a sin, venial or mortal, we shall prefer to suffer every imaginable martyrdom.

If by one venial sin we were enabled to release from hell souls without number, we would not ransom them. Such love to God must a man have to be familiar with him in contemplation. Moreover, he must have a mind at ease; and in preparing for it, an undisturbed retired spot is necessary. The body should be rested from bodily labour, not only of the hands but of the tongue as well and all five senses. The soul keeps clear best in the quiet, but in jaded body is often overpowered by inertia. Then by strenuous effort we travail in divine love for intellectual vision till, clearing a way through recollected senses, we rise past our own mind to the wonderful wisdom of God, though this is quite beyond the grasp of any creature. We rise to divine heights. David says: Accedat homo ad cor altum et exaltabitur deus, that is, Man rising to the summit of his mind is exalted God. From this divine eminence we see the lowness and insignificance of creatures. We feel an inkling of the perfection and stability of eternity, for there is neither time nor space, neither before nor after, but everything present in one new, fresh-springing now where millenniums last no longer than the twinkling of an eye. And we win participation in the manifold delights of the heavenly host. So great the joy of Mary Queen in heaven, that having but a thousandth part of it, each member of the heavenly company would taste far more than ever they have earned. There every spirit rejoices in the joy of every other, relishing it each in his degree. Every celestial habitant is, knows and loves in God, in his own self and in every other spirit whether soul or angel. And the distinctive consciousness of one God in three Persons and the Three one God gives such ineffable, amazing satisfaction that all their passionate longing is fulfilled. And just what they are full of they crave unceasingly, and what they crave is all their own in new, fresh-springing joyful ecstasy, theirs to enjoy in all security from everlasting unto everlasting.

Thereafter we press on into the truth, into the simplicity God is himself, not seeking what is his. So we fall into peculiar wonder. In this wonder let us remain, for human wit is powerless to fathom it. Plumbing the deeps of divine wonder but stirs facile doubt.

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