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Sermon 13

Sharing Christ's nature and living without a why

Sermon 13 (Evans numbering). On In this was manifested the love of God toward us, that he sent his only-begotten Son into the world, that we might live through the Son.

In brief

Eckhart starts from a line in 1 John about God sending the Son so that we might live through him. The usual explanation is that Christ's greatness lifts the whole human family, the way a poor family gains standing when a daughter marries a king's son. Eckhart says this is fine as far as it goes, but he wants to say something bolder: the human nature Christ took on is the very same nature we share, so whatever belongs to Christ and the saints in that nature already belongs to us.

From there he turns to what gets in the way. He says the real torment of hell is not fire but a kind of lack, a 'not', the sense of being shut out from what we are made for. The way through is not more pious activity but less clinging, to images, to self-will, to doing things for a reward. God is born in the ground of the soul when a person steps out of their own way, and a life lived from that ground works the way life itself works: without needing an outside reason.

In plain English

Sermon 13

In hoc apparuit charitas dei in nobis etc. In this was the love of God made plain to us, that he sent his only begotten Son into the world, so that we might live with the Son, that is to say,

in and through the Son. Those who do not live through the Son are truly in error.

If a mighty king had a beautiful daughter and gave her in marriage to a poor man's son, every member of that family would rise in rank and be made noble. So one learned doctor says: by God becoming man, the whole human race has been made noble and lifted up, and so we ought to rejoice greatly that Christ our brother has, by his own particular power, risen above the choir of angels and sits at the right hand of the Father. This is well said, though I myself do not think much of it. What good does it do me that my brother is rich, if I am poor, or that he is wise, and I am a fool?

I will say something more, and something more important. God became man, and even more than that, he took on human nature itself. The doctors agree that all people are equal in nature. But I will go further and say that every good thing possessed by the saints, and by Mary the mother of God, and by Christ in his human nature, is also mine, in this very same nature. Perhaps you will ask me: if I already possess in this nature everything that Christ possesses in his humanity, why do we set Christ so high above us and honor him as our Lord and our God? Because he was a messenger sent from God to us, carrying our happiness to us. The happiness he brought us was already our own. When the Father begets his Son in the innermost ground, whatever stirs there shares in this nature. This nature is one and cannot be divided. Anything separate within it, or merely attached to it, is not this one nature.

I will say something else, harder still. To stand immediately in this pure nature, a person must be so entirely dead to self that he wishes as well to someone across the sea whom he has never set eyes on, as to his own close and familiar friend. As long as you still wish better for your own person than for someone you have never seen, you are off the mark, and you have not even for a moment looked into this simple ground. Perhaps in some distant image you have glimpsed the truth as in a picture, but that was not the best way. Second, you must be pure in heart, and the only heart that is pure is one that has rooted out all creatureliness. And third, you must be free of "not."

The question is asked, what is it that burns in hell? The doctors answer, as one, that it is self-will. But I say: "not" burns there. Here is a comparison. Suppose I take a burning coal and set it on my hand. If I then say the coal is burning me, I do it a great injustice. To say precisely what is burning me, it is the "not" that burns, because the coal has in it something that my hand does not have. Notice, it is this very "not" that burns me. If my hand contained what the coal is and what it can give, it would have the nature of fire entirely within it. In that case all the fire that ever burned could be heaped upon my hand without it burning me at all. In the same way I say that

because God, and those who stand in the sight of God, have in them something belonging to true happiness which those apart from God do not have, it is this "not" alone that torments the souls in hell more than any self-will or any fire whatsoever. I hold firmly that to the extent "not" remains in you, to that extent you are incomplete. So, to be complete, you must be free of "not."

Further, my text says, God sent his only begotten Son into the world. By this you are not to understand the outer world. It must be taken as meaning the inner world. Just as surely as the Father, by his simple nature, begets the Son within himself, just as surely he begets him in the innermost depths of the mind, which is the inner world. Here God's ground is my ground, and my ground is God's ground. Here I live out of my own, as God lives out of his own. To someone who has seen into this ground even for a moment, a thousand ducats of pure gold are worth no more than a counterfeit coin. Out of this innermost ground your works should be done without a why. In fact I hold that so long as you do your works for the sake of the kingdom of heaven, or for God, or for your own eternal happiness, working as it were from outside yourself, things are not right with you. It may be tolerable, but it is not the best way. Whoever imagines he can get more of God through thoughts, prayers, devout practices, and the like than by the fireside or out in the stable, is really acting as if he took God and wrapped his head in a cloak and shoved him under the bench. For whoever seeks God under a fixed form grasps the form while missing the God hidden within it. But whoever seeks God without clinging to any particular form grasps him as he truly is in himself, and such a person lives with the Son, and is life itself. If we questioned life for a thousand years, asking, why do you live, it would only answer, if it answered at all, I live because I live. Life lives out of its own ground and wells up from its own source. It lives without a cause for its living, because it lives itself. And if you asked a genuine person, one who works out of his own ground, why do you do your works, he too, if he spoke the truth, would say: I work because I work.

Where the creature stops, there God begins. All God wants from you is that you go out of yourself in so far as you are a creature, and let God be God in you. The smallest of creaturely images that ever takes shape in you is as large as God.

How can that be?

Because it shuts out the whole of God. The moment this image appears, God disappears, with all his Godhood. As soon as this image fades, God enters in. No image bound to time is so holy that it does not harm the soul in three ways. First, it troubles the spirit. Second, it stains its purity. Third, it disturbs detachment.

What does God do to my mind, then?

He draws you beyond yourself and holds back creatures: that is what God does to your mind.

God longs just as urgently for you to go out of yourself, so far as you are a creature, as if his entire happiness depended on it. Why, friend, what harm is there in letting God be God in you? Go entirely out of yourself for God's sake, and God will go entirely out of himself for your sake. When both have gone out, what remains is simply the One. In this One, the Father gives birth to his Son, in his own innermost source. From there the Holy Spirit blossoms forth, and from there arises in God the will that belongs to the soul. As long as this will stays untouched by creatures and by creatureliness, the will is free. Christ says: no one goes to heaven except the one who came from heaven. All things are made out of nothing, and so their true origin is nothing. This noble will, to the extent that it turns toward creatures, falls away with them into nothing.

The question is, does the will fall so far that it can never return? The doctors agree that it does not return as far as it fell in time. But I say that if this will turns back, even for a single instant, away from itself and from created things, and gathers itself again into its own source, then in that free origin the will is free, and in that instant whatever time was lost is entirely regained.

People often say to me, pray for me. And I think to myself: why do you go outward at all? Why not stay at home and dig into your own treasure? For in truth the whole of truth is already native in you.

May we be able to remain thus in ourselves, and to possess the whole truth immediately and undivided, in true happiness. So help us God. Amen.

Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.

Read the 1924 translation

IN THIS WAS MANIFESTED THE LOVE OF GOD

In hoc apparuit charitas dei in nobis etc. In this was manifested the love of God toward us that he sent his only-begotten Son into the world that we might live with the Son,' that is, in and through the Son.' Those that live not through the Son, verily they err.

If a mighty king had a beautiful daughter and gave her to a poor man's son, every member of his family would rise in rank and become ennobled. Thus one learned doctor says: 'By God becoming man the whole human race has been ennobled and exalted; wherefore it behoves us to rejoice greatly that Christ our brother has with peculiar power ascended up above the choir of angels and sitteth on the right hand of the Father.' This is well said, though I set but little store by it. What profit to me that my brother is rich if I am poor, or wise and I a fool?

I say something more and more significant: God not only became man, he assumed human nature. Doctors agree that all men are of equal rank by nature. But I make bold to say that every good thing possessed by the saints and by Mary, God's mother, and Christ in his human nature, is also mine in this same nature. Haply thou wilt ask me: If already I possess in this nature all that Christ does in his humanity, how come we to set Christ so high and honour him as our Lord and God?' -- Because he was a messenger from God to us, bringing us our happiness. The happiness he brought us was our own. When the Father begets his Son in the innermost ground, what moves there has this nature. This same nature is one and indivisible. Anything distinct in it or connected with it is not this one.

Another thing I say, still harder. To subsist immediately in this pure nature a man must be so wholly dead to person that he wills as well to one across the seas whom his eyes have never seen as to his own present and familiar friend. While thou still wishest better to thine own person than to that man whom thou hast never seen thou art beside the mark, nor hast thou even for an instant seen into this simple ground. Haply in some far-fetched symbol thou hast beheld the truth as in an image, but it was not the best. -- Secondly, thou must be pure in heart; and only that heart is pure which has exterminated creaturehood. And thirdly, thou must be free from not.

It is a question, what burns in hell? Doctors reply with one accord: 'self-will.' But I maintain: not burns in hell. Suppose I take a burning coal and put it on my hand; then if I say the coal is burning me, I do it great injustice. To define precisely what it is that burns me: not does; because the coal has in it something my hand has not. Observe, it is this very not that burns me. Did my hand contain what the coal is and can afford, it would possess the fire-nature altogether. In which case all the fire that ever burned might be taken and heaped upon my hand without its burning me. Likewise, I aver that because God and those who are in sight of God, have in them something pertaining to real happiness which those who are apart from God have not, therefore this not alone torments the souls in hell more than the personal will or any fire soever. In sooth I hold: as far as not inheres in thee, so far thou art imperfect. To be perfect, then, thou must be free from not.

Further, my text says: 'God sent his only-begotten Son into the world,' by which ye are to understand not the external world: it must be taken of the inner world. As surely as the Father by his simple nature begets the Son innately, so surely he begets him in the innermost recesses of the mind, which is the inner world. Here God's ground is my ground and my ground God's ground. Here I live in my own as God lives in his own. To one who even for an instant has seen into this ground, a thousand ducats of red beaten gold are worth no more than a false farthing. Out of this innermost ground thy works should be wrought without why. Indeed, I hold that as long as thou doest thy works because of the kingdom of heaven, or God, or thine own eternal happiness, from without (that is to say), all is not well with thee. It may be tolerable but it is not the best. He who fondly imagines to get more of God in thoughts, prayers, pious offices and so forth, than by the fireside or in the stall: in sooth he does but take God, as it were, and swaddle his head in a cloak and hide him under the table. For he who seeks God under settled forms lays hold of the form while missing the God concealed in it. But he who seeks God in no special guise lays hold of him as he is in himself, and such an one lives 'with the Son' and is the life itself. We might question life for a thousand years: 'Why dost thou live?' It would only say, if it replied at all, 'I live because I live.' For life lives in a ground of its own, wells up out of its own. It lives without a cause for it lives itself. And if anyone asked a proper man, one who works his own ground, 'Why dost thou work?' he too would say, if he told the truth: 'I work because I work.'

Where creature stops, there God begins. All God wants of thee is for thee to go out of thyself in respect of thy creatureliness and let God be God in thee. The smallest of creaturely images that ever takes shape in thee is as big as God. -- 'How so?'

-- It shuts out the whole of God. As soon as this image appears God disappears with all his Godhood. As this image fades out God comes in. [No temporal image is so godly but thrice harms the soul. First, it vexes spirituality; next, it tarnishes her purity; and thirdly, it disturbs detachment.

-- 'What does God do to my mind?'

-- Transcend thyself and repress creatures: God does that to thy mind.]

God longs as urgently for thee to go out of thyself in respect of thy creaturely nature as though his whole felicity depended on it. Why, man, what is the harm of letting God be God in thee? Go clean out of thyself for God's sake, and God will go clean out of his for thy sake. Both being gone out, what remains is simply the one. In this one the Father gives birth to his Son, in his innermost source. Thence blossoms forth the Holy Ghost and thence originates in God the will belonging to the soul. The while this will remains unmoved by creatures and by creaturehood, the will is free. Christ says: 'None goes to heaven but he who came from heaven.' Things are all made from nothing; hence their true source is nothing. This noble will, as far as it inclines to creatures, with them elapses into nothing.

The question is, Does the will lapse so far that it is never able to return? Doctors reply with one accord that it does not return so far as it has lapsed with time. But I maintain that if this will turns back, even for an instant, from its own self and things created and rallies to its source, there in its own free origin the will is free and in this instant time lost is all recovered.

People often say to me: 'Pray for me.' And I think to myself: Why ever do ye go out? Why not stop at home and mine your own treasure? For indeed the whole truth is native in you.

May we be apt to stay thus in ourselves and to possess the entire truth immediately, impartibly, in real happiness. So help us God! Amen.

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