Meister Eckhart

Library › Sermon 16

Sermon 16

Three degrees of blessedness and the eternal now

Sermon 16 (Evans numbering). On Beati qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam (Matt. 5. 6.)

In brief

This sermon starts from the beatitude 'blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness' and asks what kind of hunger Eckhart means. He lays out three levels. The first is ordinary people who hunger for righteousness and put up with hardship for it. The second is people whose hunger has become so strong that they cannot live without God at all. The third, the highest, belongs to those who have moved past hunger and hope and fear altogether and stand in what Eckhart calls the eternal now, untouched by gain or loss.

From there Eckhart takes an unexpected turn into medieval cosmology, using the old picture of the heavens turning around a still centre to describe nearness to God. The closer a sphere is to the eternal, the stiller it is. He uses this to say something about the soul: even its lowest powers outrank the highest heaven, because the soul is built to touch the ground of God directly. The sermon closes with a passage on grace, tracing it from the Father through the Son and the Holy Spirit into the soul, ending with St Paul's line that whoever clings to God becomes one spirit with him.

In plain English

Sermon 16

Beati qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam (Matt. 5:6), Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness for they shall be filled. Jesus went up a mountain to a valley, into a field, and power went out of him preaching to the crowd.

I think this text suits my discourse well. Blessed are they who hunger for righteousness and endure work and poverty here, for this is only a moment and will surely pass. Their blessedness is real but limited. Blessed are they who hunger not to be deprived of God, though it is a wonder that a person can be without him without whom he cannot be at all. St. Augustine says it is astonishing that anyone should live apart from him apart from whom he cannot live at all. Their blessedness remains limited. More blessed are those who hunger so much that they cannot live without God. That is a burning love that transforms their nature. As long as a person still finds in his desire or his hope or his love anything that passes away, his blessedness remains limited. Blessed, supremely blessed, are they who are set in the eternal now, beyond time and place and form and matter, untouched by well-being or suffering, by wealth or want, for to the extent that things are unmoving they are like eternity.

The heaven next to the eternal now, where the angels are, is unmoving, unmovable. But the heaven next to that one, which touches the heaven of the eternal now where the angels are, and which lies between it and the heaven where the sun is, is set in motion by angelic power, turning once every hundred years. The heaven where the sun is, moved by angelic power, turns once a year. The heaven where the moon is, again, is driven by angelic power and turns once a month. The nearer a heaven is to the eternal now, the more unmoving it is, and the farther off and more unlike the eternal now, the easier it is to move. The heaven of the sun and moon and stars is moved by the push of its angel, so that these bodies spin in this now of time, and the eternal now gives them their motion, and that motion is so full of power that from it all things draw their life and being. Now the lowest powers of the soul are nobler than the highest part of heaven, where it touches the angels and the eternal now. And if all things get their life and being from the motion given there by the eternal now, and that is so noble, then what should you expect where the soul in her higher powers touches the ground of God? How exalted do you think that must be? Follow then after this now, and reach this now, and take hold of this eternal now. May we stand close to the eternal now and so possess it. So help us, divine power.

One master says: Grace springs from the heart of the Father and flows into his Son, and in the oneness of these two it goes out from the Wisdom of the Son into the Gift of the Holy Spirit, and in the Holy Spirit it is sent into the soul. Grace is the face of God, clearly stamped into the soul without any means, by the Spirit of God, giving the soul the form of God. St. Dionysius says the angels are the divine mind. And St. Paul declares of those who live the angelic life here in the flesh, that into them flows the mind of God, just as it flows into the angels. He also says that the light of understanding, that is God, has given likeness to the rational soul. St. Paul says: He who clings to God with his whole being becomes one spirit with God. So help us God. Amen.

Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.

Read the 1924 translation

THE SIXTH BEATITUDE

Beati qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam (Matt. 5. 6.). Jesus went up a mountain to a valley, into a field, and power went out of him preaching to the multitude: 'Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness for they shall be filled.'

Methinks this text is apt to my discourse. Blessed are they that hunger for righteousness and endure work and poverty here, for this is but a moment and will surely pass. They are blessed though not most blessed. Blessed are they that hunger not to be deprived of God, albeit the wonder is that man can be without him without whom he cannot be. St Augustine says it is amazing that anyone should live apart from him apart from whom he cannot live at all. They are blessed and yet not most blessed. More blessed those who so hunger that they cannot live without God; that is a fiery affection which transforms their nature. The while a man yet finds in his desire or in his hope or his affection anything impermanent, he is not most blessed. He is blessed but not most blessed. Blessed, supremely blessed, are they who are installed in the eternal now, transcending time and place and form and matter, unmoved by weal or woe or wealth or want, for in so far as things are motionless they are like eternity.

[The heaven adjoining the eternal now, wherein the angels are, is motionless, immoveable. But the heaven next to that which touches the eternal now, wherein the angels are, and betwixt (that and) the heaven where the sun is, is set in motion by angelic force, revolving once in every hundred years. The heaven the sun is in, moved by angelic force, goes round once a year. The heaven the moon is in, again, is driven by angelic force and goes round once a month. The nearer the eternal now the more immoveable they are, and the further off and more unlike to the eternal now the easier to move. The heaven of the sun and moon and stars is moved by the impulse of their angel, so that they are spinning in this temporal now; and the eternal now imparts their motion, that being so energetic that from the motion the eternal now imparts, all things derive their life and being. Now the lowest powers of the soul are nobler than the highest part of heaven, where it adjoins the angels and the eternal now. Moreover, all things get their life and being from the motion there imparted by the eternal now; and if that is so noble, then what would ye expect where the soul in her superior powers contacts the ground of God? How exalted, think ye, that must be? -- Follow then after this now, and reach this now and possess this eternal now. May we stand next the eternal now and so be in possession of it. So help us O divine power.]

[One master says: Grace springs from the heart of the Father and flows into his Son and in the oneness of them twain it proceeds from the Wisdom of the Son into the Gift of the Holy Ghost and in the Holy Ghost is sent into the soul. Grace is the face of God which is clearly stamped in the soul without any means by the Spirit of God, giving the soul the form of God. St Dionysius says: The angels are the divine mind. Moreover St Paul declares concerning those who live the angelic life here in the flesh, that into them there flows the mind of God as it does into the angels. He also says the intellectual light, God namely, has given likeness to the rational soul. Quoth St Paul: He who cleaves unto God with his whole being becomes one spirit with God. So help us God. Amen.]

Go deeper with this sermon

The spiritual guide to Sermon 16

The guide walks you through the inner journey this sermon describes, where it meets your own days, and the ways people go wrong trying to live it. It ends with a practice for the week, a meditation and questions for reflection.

It is in Sermons of Meister Eckhart, Explained, Volume 2.

Get Volume 2

Live this teaching

The ground of the soul is Week 4 of The Ground of the Soul

An 8-week guided path with daily practices, weekly guided audio and a workbook.

See the course