Sermon 22
The Lord put forth his hand: Eckhart on the unspoken Word
Sermon 22 (Evans numbering). On Jeremiah 19 ("The Lord put forth his hand and touched my mouth and said unto me")
In brief
This sermon starts from a line in Jeremiah where God touches the prophet's mouth and speaks to him. Eckhart uses it to talk about God as a kind of speech: the Father speaks the Son from eternity, and that speaking never stops. Every creature, Eckhart says, is trying to say God in its own way, through its own existence, but none of them can get the whole word out.
From there he turns to the names we give God, Lord, Father, and the rest, and says plainly that whatever name we use, God is not that name. God is above naming. The sermon ends by reading Jeremiah's call as everyone's call: to leave attachment to things behind and return, bare, to where we came from.
In plain English
Sermon 22
Misit dominus manum suam et tetigit os meum et dixit mihi, etc. (Jer. 1:9). "The Lord put forth his hand and touched my mouth and said to me."
When I preach it is my habit to speak about detachment, about the duty of ridding ourselves of self and of things. Or again, about returning to the undivided good, which is God. And third, about the duty of remembering the high and noble nature God has placed in the soul, so that mortals may wonder about God. Fourth, about the pure nature of God, the ineffable splendor of God. God is a Word, an unspoken word. Augustine says: "All scripture is vain." We say that God is unspoken, but he is unspeakable. Grant that he is something: who can pronounce this word? None but the Word. God is the Word which speaks itself. Where God exists he is saying this Word; where he does not exist he says nothing. God is spoken and unspoken. The Father is the speaking power and the Son is that power in speech. What is in me goes out from me; I have only to think and my word goes out, while at the same time it stays within. In the same way the Father speaks forth his Son, who meanwhile remains in him unspoken. I have said many times, God's going out is his coming in. The nearer I am to God, the more he speaks himself into me. With rational creatures, the more they go out of themselves in their works, the more they come into themselves. It is not so with bodily things: the more active these are, the farther they get from themselves. All creatures want to speak God in their works. They all speak him as well as they can, but they cannot truly pronounce him. Whether they will or not, in well-being or in suffering, they are all trying to utter God, who still remains unspoken.
David said, "The Lord is his name." Lord means one set in authority; knave means an underling. Some names belong to God alone and are forbidden to anything besides God. God is the name that belongs only to God, just as man is the name for mankind. A man is a man whether he is foolish or wise. Seneca says, "A man is worthless if he does not rise above mere humanity." Another name we connect with God is fatherhood. When we call a man father we assume a son. No father can exist without having a son. True, beyond time, these merge into eternal nature. The third name, in its higher sense, belongs to God, and in its lower sense belongs to time. God is called by many names in scripture. Now I say, whatever we can think of in God, or give any name to, that is not God. God is beyond name, beyond nature. We hear of a good man who in prayer asked God for his name. Then a brother said, "Peace! You are demeaning God." We can find no name to give to God; but we are allowed to use the names his saints have called him by, those whose hearts, filled by God, were flooded with his divine light. From this we learn, first, how to pray to God. We ought to say: Lord, in those very names which you placed in the hearts of the saints, filling them with your light, we praise you and worship you. And second, we learn that by giving God no name at all we praise and honor him enough, since God is above name and beyond words.
Out of the fullness of his power the Father speaks the Son, and in him all things. All creatures are the utterance of God. Just as my lips proclaim and tell of God, so does a stone's existence, and we can learn more from the fact of it than from any telling of it. A work done by the highest nature in its sovereign power cannot be grasped by a lower nature. If a lower nature did the same work, it would no longer be lower, but the same. All creatures want to copy God in everything they do. But it is very little that they are able to show. Even the highest angels, in so far as they rise up and come into contact with God, are no more like him than black is like white, compared to what is in God. What creatures have received is altogether different, yet they all want to speak as closely as they can to the same thing. The prophet says: "Lord, you say one thing and I understand two." When God speaks into the soul, it divides as it falls. The higher we rise in our understanding, the more we are in him. In eternity, the Father is speaking his Son the whole time, and pouring out all creatures in him. They are all called to return to the place they came from. Their whole life and nature is a calling, a flight back to what they came out of.
The prophet says, "The Lord sent forth his hand," meaning the Holy Spirit. He says, "He touched my mouth," and right after come the words, "he spoke to me." The mouth of the soul is the highest part of the soul, and she has this in mind when she says, "He has put his Word into my mouth," this being the kiss of the soul. Mouth to mouth the Father brings his Son into the soul, and then he speaks to her, saying, "See, this day I have chosen you to set you over nations and over kingdoms." God says he will choose us today. There, in eternity, where time does not exist, it is always today. "And I have set you over nations," that is, above this world which you must be free of; "and over kingdoms," meaning that more than one thing is too much; it falls to you to die to all things and return to the height where we live in the Holy Spirit. Amen.
Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.
Read the 1924 translation
THE LORD PUT FORTH HIS HAND
Misit dominus manum suam et tetigit os meum et dixit mihi etc. (Jer. 1:9). 'The Lord put forth his hand and touched my mouth and said unto me.'
When I preach it is my wont to speak about detachment, of the duty of ridding ourselves of self and of things. Or again, of return to the impartible good, God to wit. And thirdly, on the duty of remembering the high and noble nature God has put into the soul so that mortals may wonder about God. Fourthly, about the pure nature of God, the ineffable splendour of God. God is a Word, an unspoken word. Augustine says: 'All scripture is vain.' We say that God is unspoken, but he is unspeakable. Grant he is somewhat: who can pronounce this word? None but the Word. God is the Word which pronounces itself. Where God exists he is saying this Word; where he does not exist he says nothing. God is spoken and unspoken. The Father is the speaking energy and the Son is the speech energising. What is in me goes forth of me; I have but to think and my word goes forth, at the same time abiding within. Even so does the Father speak forth his Son who meanwhile remains in him unspoken. I have repeatedly said, God's exit is his entrance. In proportion to my nearness to God does he speak himself into me. In the case of rational creatures the more they go out of themselves in their works the more they get into themselves. Not so with corporal things: the more active these are the further they get from themselves. All creatures desire to speak God in their works: they all of them speak him as well as they can but they cannot really pronounce him. Willy-nilly, in weal or in woe they are all trying to utter God who yet remains unspoken.
David said, 'The Lord is his name.' Lord means one set in authority; knave means an underling. Some names are proper to God and forbidden to aught beside God. God is the name peculiar to God just as man is the name for mankind. A man is a man be he foolish or wise. Seneca says, 'Tis a vile man that excels not humanity.' Another name we associate with God is paternity. When we call a man father we take for granted a son. No father can be without having a son. True, they merge, beyond time, into eternal nature. The third name in its higher sense relates to God and in its lower one to time. God is called by many names in scripture. Now I say, anything we can think of in God or put any name to, that God is not. God transcends name, transcends nature. We hear of one good man who in prayers besought God for his name. Then, 'Peace!' quoth a brother, 'thou art abasing God.' We can find no name to give to God; but we are permitted to use the names his saints have called him by, those whose hearts inspired by God were flooded with his divine light. Hence we learn, first, how to pray to God. We ought to say, 'Lord, in those very names which thou didst instil into the hearts of saints, suffusing them with thy light, we praise thee and adore thee.' And secondly we learn that in giving God no name at all we praise and honour him sufficiently since God is above name and ineffable.
Out of the fullness of his power the Father speaks the Son and in him all things. All creatures are the utterance of God. Like as my lips proclaim and tell forth God so does a stone's existence, and we can glean more from the fact than from the telling of it. Work wrought by highest nature in its sovran power a lower nature cannot comprehend. If it did the selfsame work then would it not be lower, but the same. Creatures all want to copy God in all they do. But it is precious little they are able to reveal. Even the highest angels, inasmuch as they ascend and come in touch with God, are no more like than black and white to that which is in God. It is altogether different, what creatures have received, yet they all desire to speak as nearly as possible the same. The prophet says: 'Lord, thou sayest one and I understand two.' When God speaks into the soul, as it falls it divides. The higher we soar in our understanding the more we are in him. In eternity, the Father is speaking his Son all the time and pouring forth all creatures in him. They all have a call to return whence they came forth. Their whole life and nature is a vocation, a flight back to what they came out of.
The prophet says: 'The Lord sent forth his hand,' meaning the Holy Ghost. He says, 'he touched my mouth,' and straightway there follow the words, 'he spake unto me.' The mouth of the soul is the highest part of the soul and she has this in mind when she says, 'he hath put his Word into my mouth,' this being the kiss of the soul; mouth to mouth the Father conveys his Son into the soul, then he speaks to her, saying, 'Lo, this day I have chosen thee to set thee over nations and over kingdoms.' God says he will choose us to-day. Yonder in eternity, where time is not, there is ever to-day. 'And I have set thee over nations,' i.e., above this world which thou must be rid of; 'and over kingdoms,' meaning, that more than one thing is too much; it behoves thee to die to all things and get back to the height where we dwell in the Holy Ghost. Amen.
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