Sermon 26
The feast of the Virgin and the birth of God that never stops
Sermon 26 (Evans numbering). On "I have espoused you to one husband, Christ" (2 Corinthians 11:2)
In brief
This sermon was preached for a feast day of Mary, but Eckhart turns almost at once from her to something that happens in any soul that loves God. He takes up a question the theologians of his day argued over: has Christ, the eternal Word, been born, or is he yet to be born? Eckhart's answer is that the Son is always being born, right now, without stopping. He is a present and constant happening, unfolding continuously regardless of past or future.
Eckhart then builds on the image St Paul uses, that of a marriage between the soul and God. He says the soul was made to bear God's own Son within her, and that this spiritual birth, happening in any believing soul today, pleases God even more than Mary's birth of Christ in the flesh, and more than his making of heaven and earth. He draws on Augustine's teaching that God's one Word is spoken once and for all, and he closes with a picture of the soul's higher and lower powers, the one always straining toward God, the other at work in the world, both caught up in this birth that keeps deepening the further it goes.
In plain English
Sermon 26
Aemulor enim vos Dei aemulatione (2 Cor. 11:2): "For I am jealous over you with a godly jealousy." In the name of our Lord. On the Feast of the Virgin we read the words of St Paul: "I have espoused you to one husband, Christ, who is ever renewed in youth." The masters ask: has the Son been born? We say no. The masters ask: is the Son going to be born? We say no. The answer to the masters is this: the Son is fully born, and he is being born anew without ceasing. St Paul says: "Christ is the power of God and the wisdom of God." His power is his wisdom and his wisdom is his power. Christ is the one whose youth is renewed forever.
Now St Paul says: "To this man I have espoused you." For as the marriage between man and wife is binding, so there is an eternal marriage between your souls and God. A young woman is given to a man in the hope that she will bear his child. And God made the soul so that she might bear in her his only-begotten Son. This birth happening in Mary's spirit pleased God more than his being born of her in the flesh. And this same birth today in the soul that loves God delights God more than his creation of the heavens and earth.
The philosophers say the soul is greater than the heavens. St John says: "He who sat upon the throne declared, 'Behold, I make all things new.'" Now according to St Augustine, God's speaking is his bearing of a child, and his child-birth is his Word. God has spoken only one word, ever, and he holds it so dear that he will never speak another. If God stopped speaking his Word even for an instant, heaven and earth would disappear. Augustine says: "As the marriage of man and woman is for good and all, so is the marriage of the soul." The highest power of the soul, the one that always strains upward toward God, is called the man. The lower power, the one condemned to wander among mortal things, is the maid. The higher power, the man, goes entirely uncovered. But the lower power, the maid, is closely veiled, and this lower power is taken up into the higher. It belongs to this nature to be always active. It tries all the time, like a father, to beget, and if it were not hindered, a son would always be being born, as happens with the heavenly Father. But what God gives freely, nature (man's nature) hinders, and a girl is born instead. Yet if there were neither time nor place nor matter, man would renew his youth as the Son does the Father, forever.
God said: "Behold, I make all things fruitful." Then why am I myself not fruitful? God first bears his image in the soul that loves him, and only afterward bears himself. If God gave himself to the soul here in time, she would be troubled by it. So he gives himself to her in eternity, in the ever-present now, springing up fresh without ceasing. She is too curious to rest until she finds her source. This is plain from Philip's words: "Show us the Father and we shall be satisfied." As the eternal Son of God comes welling up in the Father's heart, so he wells up in the soul that loves God. Mortal things work outwardly, spiritual things work inwardly. The soul in whom this birth happens once is drawn very near into God. If it happens twice, she is drawn still further into God. The more often this birth happens, the deeper she is in God and the closer she is bound to the Father's heart. This birth goes beyond here and now. Here means place, now means time. It happens in eternity. May we, being born in him, make it possible for him to bear himself in us. So help us Father, Son and Holy Ghost. Amen.
Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.
Read the 1924 translation
THE FEAST OF THE VIRGIN
Æmulor enim vos Dei æmulatione etc. (2 Cor. 11:2). In the name of our Lord. We read on the Feast of the Virgin the words of St Paul, 'I have espoused you to one husband, Christ, rejuvenant.' The masters ask, 'Has the Son been born?' We say, no! The masters ask, 'Is the Son going to be born?' We say, no! The masters are answered: the Son is fully born, he is being born anew unceasingly. St Paul says, 'Christ is the power of God and the wisdom of God.' His power is his wisdom and his wisdom is his power. Christ is the man whose youth is perennially renewed.
Now St Paul says, 'To this man I have espoused you.' For as marriage between man and wife is binding, so there is eternal marriage between your souls and God. A maid is given to a man hoping to bear his child. And God did make the soul intending her to bear in her his one-begotten Son. The happening of this birth in Mary ghostly was to God better pleasing than his being born of her in flesh. And this same birth to-day in the God-loving soul delights God more than his creation of the heavens and earth.
The philosophers say the soul is bigger than the heavens. St John says: 'He who sat upon the throne declared, "Behold, I make all things new."' Now, according to St Augustine, 'God's speaking is his child-bearing and his child-birth is his Word.' God spake never a word but one and that he holds so dear that he will never say another. If God stopped saying his Word, but for an instant even, heaven and earth would disappear. Augustine says: 'As the marriage of man and woman is for good and all, so is the marriage of the soul.' The highest power of the soul, the one for ever straining up to God, is called the man. The lower power, the one that is condemned to wander among mortals, is the maid. The higher power, the man, goes all uncovered. But the lower power, the maid, is closely veiled and this lower power is taken to the higher. To this nature it belongs to be always active. It tries all the time, father-like, to beget; and were it not prevented, a son would be always being born as with the heavenly Father. But what God does of his free gift (man's) nature hinders and a girl is born; but were there neither time nor place nor matter, man would rejuvenate himself as the Son does the Father, always.
God said: 'Behold I make all things fruitful.' Then why am I myself not fruitful? God first bears his image in the God-loving soul and afterwards himself. If God gave himself to the soul here in time she would be vexed. So he gives her himself in eternity, in the perennial now, up-springing freshly without ceasing. She is too curious to rest until she finds her source. This is quite plain from Philip's words: 'Show us the Father and we shall be satisfied.' As the eternal Son of God comes welling up in his paternal heart, so he wells up in the God-loving soul. Mortal things work outwardly, ghostly things work inwardly. The soul this birth once happens in, that soul is nigh let into God; if it happens twice she gets still more into God. The more frequent this birth the deeper in God and the closer knit into the Father's heart. This birth transcends here and now. Here that is, place; now that is, time. It befalls in eternity. May we, being born in him, enable him to bear himself in us. So help us Father, Son and Holy Ghost. Amen.
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