Sermon 43
Knowledge, love, and the ground where God and the soul meet
Sermon 43 (Evans numbering)
In brief
This sermon opens with a question the medieval schools argued over: is knowledge or love the nobler way to God? Eckhart takes the side of understanding. Love and will only take hold of God as good, he says, but understanding goes further. It does not stop at any name we give God, not goodness, not wisdom, not power. It reaches for God as bare being, before we have dressed him up in attributes at all.
From there the sermon moves to Eckhart's boldest territory: a ground in the soul that he says corresponds to the Father in the Trinity. In this ground, he says, God is always bringing forth his Son, not once but endlessly, outside ordinary time. The sermon ends with startling claims about the soul's power to become God. The text itself is unusual, pulled together from more than one voice, including a 'Friar John' and a 'Bishop Albertus', so it reads more like a set of connected fragments than a single polished sermon.
In plain English
Sermon 43
Meister Eckhart said: scholars debate which is nobler, knowledge or love. Some say love is better than knowledge. I say it is not. Our best authorities declare that knowledge is nobler than love. Love and will take God as being good. If God were not good, will would want nothing of him; if God were not
lovely, love would reject him. But understanding would not. Knowledge is not confined to good, or to love, or to wisdom, or to lordship. By putting names to God the soul only dresses him up and makes a figure of God; this is not the work of knowledge. Even if God were neither good nor wise, understanding would still take hold of him; it strips everything away, not stopping at wisdom or goodness, nor majesty nor power. It pierces through to naked being and grasps God bare, before he is clothed in thought with wisdom and goodness. Where the Son has his blessedness, there in the Father, understanding finds hers.
Now I am going to say something that has never been read or preached before.
At the college yesterday they admitted that there is a ground within the soul that corresponds to the nature of the Father. Just as the Father brings forth his Son in the Holy Spirit, and these three are one God, so this ground brings forth understanding and will, one power, as God is one Word. And yet this ground is free from any trace of created things. All the things we attribute to the soul form a screen around this ground, where God looks at the soul and the soul looks at God. As St Paul says, 'We, beholding the vision of God's splendor, are changed into that same image from glory to glory.' This image is joined to God too closely for creatures to pull apart, and God himself will not divide it. Alas, we think so little of this image, we do not keep it as bright as it was given to us by God. Whatever we do, God is never satisfied unless we remain there in utter destitution, so that God can at all times, without ceasing, bring his only-begotten Son to birth in this same ground. This birth happens not once a year, nor once a day, nor once an hour, but all the time, above time, in the moment that is neither here nor now. This is the ground I am speaking of. May we live in such a way that God can be at work in us. So help us God.
I have sometimes said that the soul is an imitation of God; now I say that she is his image, formed in the very same form the Father has eternally formed, the same form that Christ is formed in.
According to Meister Eckhart: all creatures contain one reflection, which is the denial of being anything else; the highest of the angels denies that it is the lowest. God is the denial of denials, the one that excludes all otherness. To call a tree a tree is not to name it, for all the species are mixed together in that word. If we name it in its first emergence, in its perfection, we do not call it a tree, we call it pure divine nature. Here is another notion of it, a better one. The divine nature is the great divider.
Meister Eckhart says: the Pharisee asked our Lord to eat with him. What does the Pharisee stand for? He stands for detachment; a Pharisee is one who is detached from everything and gathered into one. The prophet cries, 'Lord, have mercy on the work that is in you.' The highest work God ever did was done in mercy. Understanding goes in deep enough to take hold of being simply as being-in-itself, but where being is losing itself, drowned in itself, there understanding falls away.
Friar John says: it is a question among theologians whether it lies with the soul, or with God, for her to be God. I say the power lies in the soul. Suppose the soul is ready to be God: then God must work in that power and draw the power into himself. The energy is then in God, and the capacity is in the soul. If I were fully what I am, I would be God; there would be for me neither time nor place nor change. There is nothing so easy for me, so possible, as to be God. To stay still takes no work, whereas if I change into something else I must reduce myself to nothing. But I remain as I am.
I say, no creature is so lowly that it cannot claim being; in proportion to its being is its power to be God, for whatever has being is God.
Bishop Albertus says: man is divine above all else in receiving the inflowing Godhead without hindrance. In the words of the saint: 'The light of my soul is never put out, and my desire is always fixed on the vision of God.'
Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.
Read the 1924 translation
KNOWLEDGE AND LOVE
Meister Eckhart said: Doctors debate which is the nobler, knowledge or love. Some say that love is better than knowledge. I say it is not. Our best authorities declare that knowledge is nobler than love. Love and will take God as being good. If God were not good, will would have none of him; if God were not lovely, love would scout him. But understanding would not. Knowledge is not confined either to good or to love or to wisdom or lordship. By putting names to God the soul is only dressing him up and making a figure of God; nor is this the doing of knowledge. Though God were neither good nor wise, still understanding would seize him; it strips everything off, not stopping either at wisdom or good, nor majesty nor power. It pierces to naked being and grasps God bare, ere he is clothed in thought with wisdom and goodness. Where the Son has his beatitude, there in the Father, understanding finds hers.
Now I am going to say something never read nor preached before.
At the College yesterday they admitted that there is a ground within the soul corresponding to the Father-nature. Just as the Father is bringing forth his Son in the Holy Ghost and these three are one God, so this ground is bringing forth understanding and will, one power as God is one Word. Withal this ground is free from any taint of creature. All the things we attribute to the soul form a screen round this ground wherein God is looking at the soul and the soul is looking at God. According to St Paul, 'We beholding the vision of God's splendour are changed in that same image from glory to glory.' This image is too closely joined to God for creatures to dissever and God himself will not divide it. Alas! we reck so little of this image, we keep it not so bright as it was given us by God! Whatever we may do God is never satisfied unless we there abide in utter destitution and so enable God at all times without ceasing to bring his one-begotten Son to birth in this same ground. This birth befalls not once a year nor once a day nor once an hour, but all the time, above time, in the while which is neither here nor now. This is the ground I speak of. May we live in suchwise that God can energise in us. So help us God.
I have sometimes said that the soul is an imitation of God; now I say that she is his image, and in the very same form the Father has eternally formed, and the same that Christ is formed in.
According to Meister Eckhart, All creatures contain one reflection: one, that is the denial of its being the other; the highest of the angels denies he is the lowest. God is the denial of denials: the one which is exclusive of all otherness. To call a tree a tree is not to name it, for all the species are confused. If we name it in its first eruption, in its perfection, we do not call it a tree, we call it pure divine nature. Another notion of it, rather better. The divine nature is the great divider. Meister Eckhart says, The Pharisee besought our Lord to eat with him. What is the Pharisee? He stands for detachment; a Pharisee is one who is detached from all and united into one. The prophet cries, 'Lord have mercy on the work which is in thee.' The highest work God ever wrought was done in mercy. Understanding goes in deep enough to lay hold of being simply as being-in-itself, but where being is losing itself, drowned in itself, there understanding falls away.
Friar John says: It is a question among the theologians whether it lies with the soul, or with God, for her to be God. I say the power lies in the soul. Suppose the soul ready to be God, then God must work in that power and draw the power into himself: the energy then is in God and the capacity is in the soul. Were I wholly that I am I should be God; there would be for me neither time nor place nor change. There is nothing so easy to me, so possible, as to be God. To stay quiet requires no work, whereas if I change to another I must reduce myself to naught: but I remain as I am.
I say, no creature is so vile but it can boast of being; in proportion to its being is its power of being God, for whatever is being is God.
Bishop Albertus says, Man is divine above all as receiving unhindered the inflowing Deity. In the words of the saint, 'The light of my soul is never extinguished and my desire is ever in the beholding of God.'
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