Meister Eckhart

Library › Sermon 59

Sermon 59

The just man lives in God, without a why

Sermon 59 (Evans numbering). On Justus in perpetuum vivet, et apud Dominum est merces ejus (Wisdom 5:15)

In brief

Eckhart takes a line from the book of Wisdom, 'the just lives in eternity,' and asks what it means to be just. His answer is not about following rules. A just person, he says, is someone so given over to righteousness that God is born in them and they are born in God. Their actions do not aim at a reward or even at God as an idea. They simply flow from what they are.

From there he moves into some of his boldest claims. Real goodness has no purpose beyond itself, no 'why.' To let God work in you, you have to become nothing in your own eyes first, the way a gardener has to stop pulling up what he just planted. And since God's own life has no before or after, a person united to God shares in that same unchanging now. The sermon ends by saying that the deepest life is not even in loving God or seeing God, but in a kind of birth that happens beneath both.

In plain English

Sermon 59

Iustus in perpetuum vivet, apud Dominum est merces eius (Wisdom 5:15-16): The just will live forever, and his reward is with the Lord. We read today in the epistle the wise man's words, 'The just lives in eternity.' I have defined elsewhere what a just man is, but here I say in another sense that a man is just, that is, righteous, who is informed with and transformed into righteousness. The just lives in God and God in him, for God is born in the just and the just in God. At every virtue of the just, God is born and rejoices, and this holds too for every action worked by the just out of the virtue of the just and in righteousness. At this God is glad, yes, thrilled with joy, there is nothing in his depths that does not dance for joy. To people who are not enlightened this is a matter of belief, but the enlightened know it. The just seek nothing in their work; only servants and hired hands ask something for their work, or work for the sake of some reason why. If you would be informed with, transformed into, righteousness, have no further purpose in your work. Form no idea in yourself, in time or in eternity, not reward, not happiness, not this, not that, for truly all such works are dead. Believe me, the idea of God in you, if you work with that in view, means death to all your works. They become good works spoiled, and you sin besides, for you act like the gardener who plants the garden and then pulls up the trees but still expects a harvest. In this way you throw away good work. If you would live, and have your work live too, you must die to all things and be reduced to nothing. It belongs to the creature to make something out of something, but it is God's own way to make something out of nothing. So if God is to make anything of you or in you, you must first come to nothing. So enter into your own ground and work there; the works you do there are all alive.

He says, his reward is with the Lord. He says 'with,' meaning that the reward of the just is where God himself is, that the happiness of the just and God's happiness are one, the righteous are in bliss where God is in bliss. St John says, 'The Word was with God.' He says 'with' because God is righteousness and the righteous are like him. Whoever is in righteousness is in God and is God.

Further, as to the word 'just': he does not say the just man or the just angel, he simply says 'the just.' The Father begets his Son the just, and the just begets his Son. Every virtue of the just, every act done by the just, is nothing but the Son being begotten by the Father. The Father never stops. He is always trying to beget his Son in me, according to the scripture: 'For Zion's sake I will not hold my peace, and for Jerusalem's sake I will not rest, until the righteous is revealed and shines like lightning.' Zion is the height of the living, the contemplative life, and Jerusalem is the deepest calm. Not for the most exalted life, nor for the deepest peace, will God stop until the righteous is revealed. God and God alone works in the just. If your works are prompted by anything outside you, then your works are dead. For your works to be alive, it must be God who prompts them in the innermost depths of your soul. That is your life, and that alone.

Further I say: if it seems to you that one virtue is greater than another, if you nurture it more and value it above the rest, then you are not loving it as it is in righteousness, nor is it God who works in you. As long as a person prizes or leans toward one virtue more than another, he neither grasps nor feels it as it rightly is, and he is not righteous. The just love and practice virtue as a whole, in righteousness, as righteousness itself. Scripture says: 'Before the world was made, I am.' He says 'I am before, above,' meaning that in eternity, raised above time, a person does one work with God. People sometimes ask how a person can do the work that God was doing a thousand years ago, and will still be doing in a thousand years to come. They cannot understand it. But in eternity there is no before and no after; what happened a thousand years ago, what will happen a thousand years from now, and what is happening now, are all the same in eternity. God's doings of a thousand years ago, and now, and a thousand years to come, are but one single act. It follows that the person who is raised above time into eternity does with God what he did in the past, and also what he will do in the next thousand years. This is a matter of knowledge to the wise, and a matter of belief to fools.

St Paul says, 'We are eternally chosen in the Son,' and we should never rest until we become what we have eternally been in him. The Father ceaselessly labors to have us born in his Son, so that we may be what his Son is. The Father is begetting his Son, and in this begetting the Father finds so much peace and pleasure that his whole nature is spent on it. What is in God moves him to beget; by his ground, his nature, and his essence, the Father is moved to generation. And you should know: God is born in us as soon as all the powers of our soul, which until now have been tied and bound, are completely free and passive, and when the mind is stilled and the senses no longer trouble us. Then the Father begets his Son in us. Then we remain as free from forms and images as God, and find ourselves as free from likeness as God is empty and free in his very self. When the Father bears his Son in us, we shall know the Father with the Son, and the Holy Spirit in both of them, and the holy Trinity, and in it all things as a mere nothing in God. Then time and number are no more. God's essence neither acts nor is acted upon, nor does his nature suffer, but it works.

Sometimes a light appears in the soul, and she fondly thinks it is the Son, when it is nothing but a light. When the Son reveals himself within the soul, the love of the Holy Spirit is revealed at the same time. It is the nature of the Father to beget his Son, and it is the nature of the Son for me to be begotten in him and in his nature, and it is the nature of the Holy Breath for me to be consumed in it, melted, and reduced entirely to love. Someone who is thus in love, and altogether love, will think that God loves no one but him, and knows no love for anyone, nor from anyone, but him alone.

Some doctors hold that the spirit finds its blessedness in love. Some say it finds it in beholding God. I say it finds it neither in love nor in knowledge nor in vision. But, it may be asked, does the spirit in eternal life have no vision of God? Yes and no. Once born, he neither sees nor pays attention to God. But in being born, he does see God. The spirit is then in bliss, not in its begetting, but as being begotten, for then it lives as the Father lives, undivided, in its abstract and inmost nature. So turn away from things and realize yourself in your naked essence, for outside essence everything is accident, and the accidental produces a why. Let us live in the eternal. So help us God. Amen.

Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.

Read the 1924 translation

THE JUST LIVES IN ETERNITY

Justus in perpetuum vivet, apud Dominum est merces ejus (Sap. 5). We read to-day in the epistle the wise man's words, 'The just lives in eternity.' I have defined elsewhere what a just man is, but here I say in another sense, that man is just (i.e. righteous) who is informed with and transformed into justice (righteousness). The just lives in God and God in him, for God is born in the just and the just in God: at every virtue of the just God is born and is rejoiced, and not only every virtue but every action of the just wrought out of the virtue of the just and in justice; thereat God is glad, aye, thrilled with joy, there is nothing in his ground that does not dance for joy. To unenlightened people this is matter for belief but the illumined know. The just seeks nothing in his work; only thralls and hirelings ask anything for work, or work for any why. If thou wouldst be informed with, transformed into, righteousness, have no ulterior purpose in thy work; form no idea in thee in time or in eternity, not reward nor happiness nor this nor that, for verily all such works are dead. Believe me, the idea of God in thee, if thou dost work with that in view, means death to all thy works; they are good works spoilt and thou dost sin to boot, for thou doest like the gardener who first plants the garden and then roots up the trees but still expects a crop. So thou dost

throw away good work. If thou wouldst live and have thy work live also thou must be dead to all things and reduced to naught. It belongs to creature to make aught from aught, but God's idiosyncrasy is making aught from naught, wherefore, if God is to make aught of thee or in thee, thou must first come to naught; so enter thou into thine own ground and work; works wrought by thee there are all living.

He says, 'his reward is with the Lord.' He says with, meaning that the reward of the just is where God is himself; that the happiness of the just and God's happiness are one; the righteous are in bliss where God is in bliss. St John says, 'The Word was with God.' He says with because God is righteousness and the righteous are like him. Whoever is in righteousness is in God and is God.

Further, with regard to the word, just. He does not say, the just man or just angel, he simply says, the just. The Father begets his Son the just and the just his Son; every virtue of the just, every act done by the just, is nothing but the Son being begotten by the Father. The Father never stops, he is always trying to beget his Son in me, according to the scriptures: 'For Sion's sake will I not hold my peace and for Jerusalem I will not rest till the righteous is revealed and shineth like the lightning.' Sion is the height of living, the contemplative life, and Jerusalem the profoundest calm. Not for the most exalted life nor for the deepest peace will God desist until the righteous is revealed. God and God alone works in the just. If thy works are prompted by anything external, then thy works are dead. For thy works to be living it must be God that prompts them in the innermost recesses of thy soul: that is thy life and that alone.

Further I declare: if it seems to thee that one virtue is greater than another, if thou dost cultivate it more and value it above the rest, then thou art not loving it as it is in righteousness nor is it God who is working in thee. As long as a man prizes or leans to one virtue more than to another he neither takes nor feels it as it is by rights, and he is not righteous. The just man loves and practises virtue as a whole, in righteousness, as righteousness itself. It says in holy writ: 'Before the fabricated world, I am.' He says, I am before, above. Meaning that in eternity, exalted above time, man does one work with God. People sometimes ask how man can do the work that God was doing a thousand years ago and in a thousand years will be doing still. They cannot understand it. But in eternity is no before nor after; the happenings of the past millennium and the future one and now, in eternity are all the same. God's doings of a thousand years ago and now and a thousand years to come are but one single act. It follows that

the man who is exalted above time into eternity will do with God what he did in the past and also what he does in the next thousand years. This is matter of knowledge to the wise and of belief to fools.

St Paul says, 'We are eternally chosen in the Son and we should never rest until we get to be what we have been in him eternally.' The Father ceaselessly endeavours to get us born in his Son so that we may be the same as his Son is. The Father is begetting his Son, and in his begetting the Father finds so much peace and pleasure that his entire nature is expended in it. That which is in God moves him to beget; by his ground, his nature and his essence the Father is moved to generation. And you must know, God is born in us as soon as all our soul-powers, which hitherto have been tied and bound, are absolutely free (and passive) and when the mind is stilled and sense troubles us no longer. Then the Father begets in us his Son. Then we keep as free from forms and images as God, and find ourselves as free from likeness as God is void and free in his very self. When the Father bears his Son in us we shall know the Father with the Son and the Holy Ghost in both of them and the holy Trinity, and therein all things as a mere naught in God. Then time and number are no more. God's essence neither does nor suffers, nor does his nature suffer, but it works.

Sometimes a light is apparent in the soul and she fondly thinks it is the Son, whereas it is nothing but a light. When the Son reveals himself within the soul the love of the Holy Ghost is revealed at the same time. It is the nature of the Father to beget his Son, and it is of the nature of the Son for me to be begotten in him and in his nature; it is of the nature of the Holy Breath for me to be consumed therein and melted and reduced entirely to love. One who is thus in love and altogether love, will think that God loves none but him and knows no love for anyone nor yet from anyone but him alone.

Some doctors hold that the spirit finds its beatitude in love. Some make him find it in beholding God. I say he finds it not in love nor in gnosis nor in vision. But, it may be asked, has the spirit in eternal life no vision of God? Yes and no. Once born he neither sees nor pays heed to God. But in being born he does see God. The spirit is in bliss then, not in its begetting but as being begotten, for then it lives as the Father lives, impartible, in its abstract and essential nature. Wherefore do thou turn from things and realize thyself in thy naked essence, for outside essence all is accident and the accidental makes for why. Let us live in the eternal. So help us God. Amen.

Go deeper with this sermon

The spiritual guide to Sermon 59

The guide walks you through the inner journey this sermon describes, where it meets your own days, and the ways people go wrong trying to live it. It ends with a practice for the week, a meditation and questions for reflection.

It is in Sermons of Meister Eckhart, Explained, Volume 4.

Get Volume 4

Live this teaching

Living without a why is Week 7 of The Ground of the Soul

An 8-week guided path with daily practices, weekly guided audio and a workbook.

See the course