Sermon 74
The promise of the Father and the life that asks no why
Sermon 74 (Evans numbering). On Convescens praecepit eis ab Jerosolymis ne discederent etc. (Acts 1:4)
In brief
This sermon is preached on the passage where Christ tells his disciples to wait in Jerusalem for the promise of the Father, the coming of the Holy Spirit. Eckhart takes that promise and turns it inward. He says the same gift was given to us, and that it has nothing to do with time or outward things. He uses the image of a light that comes down from heaven but is still, in his words, 'under heaven,' and compares the restless human spirit to a piece of iron pulled upward by a loadstone, unable to rest until it reaches the source it comes from.
From there he moves to freedom and the will. Real freedom, he says, is not being able to do whatever you like, it is wanting nothing other than what God wants. He then reads Christ's words 'I have called you friends, not servants' as meaning that we are drawn into the same relationship the Son has with the Father, hearing and receiving everything the Father is. The sermon ends past all images and all light, in what Eckhart calls the unity, where a soul that is truly dead to itself is 'really Godlike.'
In plain English
Sermon 74
Convescens praecepit eis ab Jerosolymis ne discederent etc. (Acts 1:4), meaning: eating together with them, he ordered them not to leave Jerusalem. This passage, which I have quoted in Latin, comes in the Mass for today. St Luke records how our Lord, about to depart to heaven, was with his disciples, whom he commanded not to leave Jerusalem but to wait for the promise of the Father, which they had heard from his mouth, for they would be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.
He speaks of the promise or pledge of the Father. This same pledge was given to us too: baptism in the Holy Spirit, and through it being brought to live above time, in eternity. The Holy Spirit is not given in the things of time. When a person turns away from temporal things and goes into himself, he notices a heavenly light, a light that comes down from heaven. Though it descends from heaven, it remains under heaven. There is no lasting satisfaction in this light, for it is mortal, some say it is a kind of matter. Now iron, which by nature falls, will rise against its own nature and hang suspended from a lodestone, by the power the stone itself receives from heaven. Wherever the stone turns, the iron goes with it. In the same way, the mind, unsatisfied with this lower light, will climb the sky and search the heavens to find the breath that turns them, the heavens whose turning makes everything on earth grow and flourish. Its spirit never rests content until it breaks through to the coil, to the first origin where that breath has its source. This spirit knows no time and no number: number does not exist apart from the sickness of time. It has no root anywhere except in eternity, where there is no number but one. This spirit, going beyond number, breaks through multiplicity and is pierced through by God, and because he pierces me, I pierce him back: God leads this spirit into the desert, into the solitude of its own self, where it is simply one and wells up within itself. This spirit has no why, for if it had a why, the oneness itself would also have a why. This spirit is in oneness and freedom.
Theologians say this will is free in that nothing can bind it except God alone. God does not bind the will, he sets it free, free to choose nothing but God himself, and this is true freedom. For the spirit to be unable to will anything other than God's will is not its bondage but its real liberation. Some people say: if I have God and the love of God, then I am free to follow my own will. They are mistaken. As long as you are capable of anything against the will of God and against his law, you do not have the love of God, even if you deceive the world into thinking you do. Whoever is in God's will and God's love is glad to do what God likes and leave undone what God hates, and he can no more leave undone a thing that God wants done than he can do a thing that God hates, just like a man whose legs are tied together: he cannot wander off, and neither can anyone go wrong who is in the will of God. Someone once said: God might command me to do evil and avoid virtue, but I am incapable of sin. No one loves virtue without being virtue. Whoever gives up himself and everything, who does not seek his own in any way but does everything he does for love and without why, that man, being dead to the whole world, is alive in God and God in him.
Here someone might object: it is all very well for you to tell us these things, but we ourselves know nothing of them. That I regret too. This knowledge is so noble and so ordinary that it cannot be bought for a farthing or a penny. A just mind and a free will, have only these, and it is yours. To let go of all things on this lower plane, where they exist in mortal form, is to recover them in God, where they are real. Everything that is dead here is alive there, and everything that is dense matter here is spirit there in God. If you pour fresh water into a clean basin, and everything is clear and bright, and set it in a quiet place, then, bending your face over it, you see it at the bottom just as it really is. That is because the water is free of impurity and still. It is the same with people who, in a state of freedom and inner calm, see God in peace and quiet, and when they can see him just as well in turmoil and disorder, that is perfect evenness of mind; but if a person has less of him in trouble and unrest, that shows he is not even-minded, that he is not just. St Augustine says: when the days are weary and the time feels long, a person should turn to God, where nothing is long and all things are at rest. The lover of justice is possessed by justice, and he is this virtue himself.
Our Lord said: I have not called you servants, I have called you friends, for the servant does not know what his lord does. And so a friend of mine may know something I do not, yet not care to tell me. But our Lord says: all that I have heard from my Father I have made known to you. I am amazed how some priests, even ones who claim to be learned and important, let themselves be misled into reading these words to mean that he shows us only the bare minimum of the path needed for our happiness. That is not what I think, and there is no truth in it. Why was God born man? So that I might be born God myself. God died so that I might die to the whole world and all created things. And it is in this sense that we must understand our Lord's saying: all that I have heard from my Father I have revealed to you. What does the Son hear from his Father? The Father can only beget, the Son can only be begotten. All that the Father has and all that he is, the whole ground of God's essence and God's nature, he brings forth once and for all in his only-begotten Son. This is what the Son hears from his Father, this he makes known to us, since we are this same Son. All that the Son has, he has from his Father: essence and nature, we are this only Son. No one has the Holy Spirit except the one who is the only Son. Father and Son breathe out their holy Breath, and once this sacred breath breathes into a person it stays with him, for he is of its essence and its spirit.
It is true you may receive the gift of the Holy Spirit, a likeness of the Holy Spirit, but it does not stay with you, it does not last. Just as a person may blush with shame or go pale, it is a passing accident. But someone who is fair and ruddy by nature is always so. It is the same with this man: since he is the only Son, the holy Breath belongs to his very nature. As it is written in the Book of Wisdom: this day I have begotten you in the reflection of my eternal light, in the fullness of the Godhead and the glory of all the saints. He is begetting him now, today. There is a childbed in the Godhead, there people are baptized in the Holy Spirit according to the promise of the Father. After these days, which are not many, or just a few, then comes the fullness of the Godhead, where there is neither day nor night, where things a thousand miles away are as close to me as the ground I stand on. That is fulfilment, the full enjoyment of Godhood, that is oneness. As long as the soul sees any difference, she is not just; as long as anything looks out or looks in, there is no true oneness. Mary Magdalene sought our Lord inside the tomb; looking for one dead man, she found two living angels, but she was still not comforted. The angel said: why are you so cast down? Whom are you seeking, woman? As if to say: you are looking for one dead man and have found two living ones. She might have answered: that is exactly my complaint, that I find two where I was looking for one alone.
As long as anything created can leave a clear mark on the soul, she is not at peace. I say, as I have often said before, that as far as the soul's created nature goes, there is no such thing as truth there. I say there is something beyond the soul's created nature. But certain priests cannot understand how there could be anything so close to God, so much like him. It has nothing in common with nothing. Anything made or created is nothing, but this is foreign and far removed from what is made and created. It is something complete in itself, taking nothing from outside. Our Lord went up to heaven, beyond all light, beyond all understanding, beyond anything human beings can grasp. Whoever is carried beyond light of any kind in this way dwells in oneness. As St Paul says: God dwells in light that no one can approach, which is in itself the perfect one. A person, then, must be dead, truly dead, empty of any being of his own, without any likeness, like no one, in order to be truly Godlike. For it is God's nature, his very character, to have no equal, to be beyond comparison. May we be the same in the oneness of God himself. So help us God. Amen.
Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.
Read the 1924 translation
THE PROMISE OF THE FATHER
Convescens praecepit eis ab Hierosolymis ne discederent etc. (Act. i. 4.) This passage which I have quoted in Latin comes in the Mass for to-day. St Luke records how our Lord being about to depart to heaven was in company with his disciples whom he commanded that they should not leave Jerusalem but should wait for the promise of the Father which they had heard from his mouth for they should be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence.'
He speaks of the promise or pledge of the Father. To us as well was given this pledge of baptism in the Holy Ghost and of being received thereby to dwell above time in eternity. Not in the things of time is the Holy Ghost bestowed. When a man turns from temporal things and goes into himself he notices a heavenly light, a light that comes from heaven. Though heaven-descended it is under heaven. There is no satisfaction in this light, for it is mortal, they say that it is matter. Now iron, which by nature falls, will rise, against its nature, and hang suspended to a loadstone in virtue of the master-force the stone receives from heaven. Wherever the stone turns there the iron goes with it. Even so the mind, unsatisfied with this infernal light, will scale the firmament and search the heavens to find the breath that spins them, the heavens by their revolution causing all things on earth to grow and flourish. Its spirit never rests content until it pierces to the coil, into the primal origin where the breath has its source. This spirit knows no time nor number: number does not exist apart from the malady of time. Other root has none save in eternity, where there is no number except one. This spirit, transcending number, breaks through multiplicity and is transfixed by God, and by the fact of his piercing me I pierce him in return: God leads this spirit into the desert, into the solitude of its own self, where it is simply one and is welling up in itself. This spirit has no why, for if it had a why the unity would also have its why. This spirit is in unity and freedom.
Doctors declare this will is free in the sense that none can bind it excepting God alone. God does not bind the will, he sets it free, free to choose naught but God himself, and this is real freedom. For the spirit to be incapable of willing aught other than God's will is not its bondage but its true liberation. Some people say. If I have God and the love of God then I am at liberty to follow my own will. They labour under a mistake. So long as thou art capable of anything against the will of God and against his law thou hast no love of God though thou cozen the world that thou hast it. One who is in God's will and in God's love is fain to do the things God likes and leave undone the things God hates, and he can no more leave undone a thing that God wants done than he can do a thing that God abhors; just like a man whose legs are tied together, he cannot stray and neither can he err who is in the will of God. Someone once said, God may command me to do evil and shun virtue, but I am incapable of sin.' No one loves virtue without being virtue. He who abandons himself and everything, who seeks not his own in any wise but does all he does for love and without why, that man being dead to all the world is alive in God and God in him.
Here someone may object, It is all very well for you to tell us these things, but we ourselves know nothing of them. — That I also rue. This knowledge is so noble and so common, it is not to be purchased for a farthing or a penny. A just mind and a free will, have but these, and it is thine. To abandon all things on this lower plane where they exist in mortal guise is to recapture them in God where they are reality. Everything that is dead here is life yonder and all that is dense matter here is spirit there in God. If you pour fresh water into a clean basin and, all being clear and bright, stand it in a quiet place, then, holding your face over it you see it at the bottom as it really is. That is because the water is free from impurity and still. It is the same with people who in a state of freedom and interior calm envisage God in peace and quiet, and when they are able to see him just as well in turmoil and disquiet there is perfect equanimity; but if a man enjoys him less in trouble and unrest, that argues him not equable (unjust). St Augustine says, When the days are weary and the time is long a man should turn to God, where no such thing as long exists and things are all at rest.' The lover of justice is possessed with justice, and he is this virtue.
Our Lord said, I have called you not servants, I have called you friends, for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth.' And so may my friend know something that I ignore, yet have no mind to tell me. But our Lord says, All that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you.' I marvel how some priests, and these with pretensions to eminence and learning, allow themselves to be misled into interpreting these words to mean that he shows us of the path only the bare minimum needful to our happiness. That is not what I hold; there is no truth in it. Why was God born man? That I might be born God himself. God died that I might die to the whole world and all created things. And it is in this sense that we must understand the saying of our Lord, All that I have heard of my Father I have revealed unto you.' What does the Son hear of his Father? The Father can only beget; the Son can only be gotten. All the Father has and that he is, the whole basis of God's essence and God's nature, he brings forth once for all in his one-begotten Son. This the Son hears from his Father, this he makes known unto us, we being this same Son. All the Son has he has from his Father: essence and nature, we are this only Son. No one has the Holy Ghost except he be the only Son. Father and Son expire their holy Breath, and once this sacred breath inspires a man it remains in him, for he is essential and pneumatic.
True, thou mayst receive the gift of the Holy Ghost, the likeness of the Holy Ghost, but it abides not with thee; it is impermanent. Just as a man may blush for shame, or blench, it is an accident and passes. But one by nature fair and ruddy is so always. So with this man, as being the only Son his holy Breath is of the nature of him. As it is written in the Book of Wisdom, This day have I begotten thee in the reflection of my eternal light, in the fullness of the Godhead and the glory of all saints.' He is begetting him now, to-day. There is childbed in the Godhead, there are they baptized in the Holy Ghost according to the promise of the Father. After these days which are not many,' or a few, then comes the fullness of the Godhead,' where there is neither day nor night; where things a thousand leagues away are as near me as the ground whereon I stand; that is the fulfilment, the full enjoyment of Godhood; that is oneness. While the soul sees any difference she is unjust; as long as aught looks out, looks in, there is no unanimity. Mary Magdalene sought our Lord within the tomb; seeking one dead man she found two living angels, but still was unconsoled. Said the angel, Why art thou cast down? Whom seekest thou, woman?' As though to say, Thou dost seek one dead and hast found two living.' Whereto she might have answered, That is the burden of my discontent, that I find two where I sought one alone.'
While anything created can make a clear impression on the soul she is disconsolate. I say, as I have often said before, so far as the soul's created nature goes there is no such thing as truth. I declare that there is something beyond the soul's created nature. But certain priests cannot understand how there can be anything so nearly kin to God, so much the same as he is. It has naught in common with naught. Anything made or created is naught, but this is alien and remote from the made and the created. It is something self-contained, taking nothing from outside. Our Lord departed to heaven, beyond all light, beyond all understanding, beyond all human ken. He who is thus translated beyond light of any kind dwells in the unity. As St Paul says, God dwells in the light that no man can approach unto,' which is in it
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