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Sermon 91

God's joy, God's poor, and the light of the world

Sermon 91 (Evans numbering). On Laudate coeli et exultet terra (Isaiah); Ego sum lux mundi (John 8:12)

In brief

This sermon takes two short Bible verses and turns them over slowly. The first, from Isaiah, calls on heaven and earth to rejoice because God has comforted his people and will have mercy on his poor. The second, from John's gospel, is Jesus saying 'I am the light of the world.' Eckhart uses both to talk about joy, about poverty, and about the strange fact that no comfort made by a creature is ever complete.

Along the way he makes a case that God delights more in one small good deed than in all the joy of heaven and earth put together, that the poor belong to God in a way the comfortable do not, and that the word 'I am' really only belongs to God. He ends with a meditation on the hidden God, the one who can never quite be caught or held, and a quote from an unnamed saint who complains to God about exactly that.

In plain English

Sermon 91

I quote two Latin texts. Laudate coeli et exultate terra (Isaiah): one from the lesson, the words of Isaiah the prophet, 'Rejoice, O heavens and earth, God has comforted his people and will have mercy on his poor ones.' The other comes from the gospel, Ego sum lux mundi (John 8:12), our Lord's saying, 'I am the light of the world: whoever follows me does not walk in darkness; he will find and have the light of life.'

First take the words of the prophet, 'Rejoice, O heavens and earth.' Truly, truly, by God, by God, and as God lives, at the least good deed, the least good will, the least good desire, all the saints in heaven and all the angels rejoice with such great joy that all the joys of this world cannot equal it. Among the saints, the higher one is, the more joyful, and all their joy put together is only a speck compared to the delight God takes in this act. God plays and laughs in this good work, while all other works, those that do not turn to God's glory, are dust and ashes in God's sight. That is why he cries, 'Rejoice, O heavens! God has comforted his people.'

Consider the words, 'God has comforted his people and will have mercy on his poor.' His poor, he says. The poor are left to God alone, because no one else bothers about them. Anyone who has a friend who is poor, if he does not forget him and has possessions and good sense, will say 'You are my servant,' and the man is soon forgotten. But to the beggar he will toss out 'God keep you' and feel ashamed of him. The poor are left to God. Wherever they go they may come upon God and have God in every place. God takes charge of them, because they are given over entirely to him. That is why he says in the gospel, 'Blessed are the poor.'

Now take the words, 'I am the light of the world.' 'I am' touches on essence. According to the philosophers, every creature can say 'I,' since the word is common property. But the word sum, 'am,' no one can truly say except God alone. Sum means one thing that is full of every good thing as a whole, and no creature is granted the right to have the whole of human comfort. If I had everything my heart desired but my finger hurt, I would not have it, because with a hurt finger, as long as it hurts, I lack complete comfort. Bread comforts a man when he is hungry, but if he is thirsty bread gives him no more comfort than a stone would. The same goes for clothes: they comfort when he is cold, but give no comfort when he is hot. This is true of all creatures, so every creature carries a certain bitterness in it. It is true that creatures have this comfort for their souls, that no one can take away their rights. Their true possession is all in God, whatever belongings they may have among creatures. As it is written in the Book of Wisdom, 'In you all good belongs to my soul.' The comfort of creatures is imperfect, it has a flaw built into it. But God's comfort is complete, with no shortfall. It is whole and perfect, and he must give it to you, because he cannot act unless he first gives you himself. God is foolishly in love with us. It seems he has forgotten heaven and earth and all his happiness and his godhead. His whole business seems to be with me alone, to give me everything that will comfort me. He gives it to me suddenly, he gives it to me completely, he gives it to me perfect, he gives it all the time, and he gives it to every creature.

'He who follows me does not walk in darkness.' Philosophers assign three powers to the soul. The first power always seeks the sweetest. The second always seeks the highest. The third always seeks the best, and the soul is too noble ever to rest anywhere except in her source, from which all her goodness drops. See how sweet God's comfort is: all creatures go looking for him, hunting after him. No, I say more than that: this searching for God, this hunting for him, is the creature's very life and being.

Perhaps you will say, where is this God that all creatures are hunting for, and from whom they get their being and their life? I would gladly speak of the Godhead from which all our happiness comes. The Father says, 'Son, today I beget you in the reflection of the saints.' Where is this God? Where the saints leave off, there I begin. Where is this God? In the Father. Where is this God? In eternity. No one has ever found God. As the wise man says, 'Lord, you are a hidden God.' Where is this God? Suppose a man is hiding and he moves, he gives away his location by doing so, and God does the same. No one could ever have found God on his own; he gave himself away. One of the saints has said, 'Sometimes I feel such sweetness in me that, forgetting every creature, I dissolve completely into you. But when I try to embrace you, Lord, you have slipped away. What do you want from me then? Why draw me close only to run off? If you love me, why do you avoid me? No, Lord, it is to make me more eager to have you.' The prophet says, 'my God.' Who told you that I am your God? 'Lord, I cannot rest except in you, I have no well-being except in you.' May we seek God in this way and also find him. So help us God. Amen.

Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.

Read the 1924 translation

REJOICE O HEAVENS

Laudate coeli et exultet terra (Is.). Ego sum lux mundi (Joh. 8, 12.)

I quote two Latin texts: one from the lesson, the words of Isaiah the prophet, Rejoice, O heavens and earth, God hath comforted his people and will have mercy on his poor ones.' The other comes out of the gospel. Our Lord's saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me walketh not in darkness; he shall find and have the light of life.'

First take the words of the prophet, Rejoice, O heavens and earth.' Verily, verily, by God, by God and as God liveth, at the least good deed, the least good will, the least good desire, all the saints in heaven as well as all the angels rejoice with such great joy as all the joys of this world cannot equal. With the saints, the higher the more joyful, and all their joy combined is but a speck to the delight that God takes in this act. God plays and laughs in this good work, whereas all other works, those which redound not to God's glory, are dust and ashes in God's sight. Therefore he cries, Ye heavens, rejoice! God has comforted his people.'

Consider the words, God has comforted his people and will have mercy on his poor.' His poor,' he says. The poor are left to God alone, for no one troubles about them. Anyone who has a friend, a poor one, if he does not forget him and if he has possessions and is wise, will say Thou art my servant,' and he is soon forgot; but to the beggar he will fling, God guard thee,' and be ashamed of him. The poor are left to God: wherever they go they may come upon God and have God in all places; God takes them in charge, for they are abandoned to him. Wherefore he says in the gospel, Blessed are the poor.'

Now take the words, I am the light of the world.' I am,' that touches the essence. According to philosophers, all creatures can say I,' for the word is common property; but the word sum, am, none can really say but God alone. Sum signifies one thing which is big with good things as a whole, and it is denied to creatures that any one of them should have all human consolation. If I had my heart's desire but my finger hurt me, then I should have it not, for with a wounded finger, while it hurts me, I lack entire comfort. Bread comforts a man when he is hungry, whereas if he is thirsty bread will give him no more comfort than a stone; and the same with clothes, when he is cold, but being hot no clothes will comfort him; and this applies to creatures, hence all creatures have a certain bitterness of heart. True, creatures have this comfort for their souls, that none can deprive them of their rights. Their property is all in God whatever possessions they may have in creatures. As it is written in the Book of Wisdom, In thee all good belongs to my soul.' Creature comfort is imperfect, it has innate defect. But God's comfort is complete, with no shortcoming; it is whole and perfect and he needs must give it thee, for he cannot work unless he gives thee himself first. God is foolishly in love with us, it seems he has forgotten heaven and earth and all his happiness and deity, his entire business seems with me alone, to give me everything to comfort me; he gives it to me suddenly, he gives it to me wholly, he gives it to me perfect, he gives it all the time and he gives it to all creatures.

He that followeth me walketh not in darkness.' Philosophers attribute three powers to the soul. The first power ever seeks the sweetest. The second ever seeks the highest. The third one ever seeks the best, and the soul is too noble ever to rest anywhere but in her source whence drops what goodness is made out of. Behold, so sweet God's consolation, all creatures go in quest of him, hunting after him. Nay, I say more: it is creature's life and being, this searching after God, this hunting for him.

Peradventure ye will say, Where is this God all creatures are in quest of and whence they get their being and their life? (Fain would I speak of the Godhead whence comes all our happiness.) The Father says, Son, this day do I beget thee in the reflection of the saints.' Where is this God? Where the saints leave off there I begin. Where is this God? In the Father. Where is this God? In eternity. No man ever found God. As the wise man says, Lord, thou art a hidden God.' Where is this God? Suppose a man in hiding and he stirs, he shows his whereabouts thereby and God does the same. No one could ever have found God; he gave himself away. One of the saints has said, I sometimes experience such sweetness in me that, forgetting creatures altogether, I dissolve right into thee. But when I try to embrace thee Lord, lo, thou art fled. What wouldst thou then? Why draw me on only to run away? If thou dost love me wherefore dost thou shun me? Nay, Lord, it is to make me more eager to obtain.' The prophet says, my God.' -- Who told thee that I am thy God?' -- Lord, I cannot rest except in thee, I have no well-being but in thee.' May we thus seek God and also find him. So help us God. Amen.

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