Sermon 51
Seeing Jesus by breaking through all things
Sermon 51 (Evans numbering). On Et quaerebat videre Jesum quis esset etc (Luke 19)
In brief
This sermon starts from the story of Zacchaeus, the rich man in Luke's gospel who climbs a tree because he is too short to see Jesus over the crowd. Eckhart reads this as a picture of anyone who wants to see God. The crowd is everything that gets in the way: things, possessions, even our own small desires. To see God, Eckhart says, we have to outrun the crowd and climb above it, which means breaking through our attachment to created things rather than just getting past them.
From there the sermon turns to the question of who or what God actually is. Eckhart quotes other thinkers, including Augustine, and keeps circling back to the same point: our concepts and our highest aspirations fall short of God. Knowing that God cannot be grasped is itself a kind of knowing. The sermon ends on a note of unknowing, where the only way to know what God is in himself is to be caught up into the same light that God is.
In plain English
Sermon 51
Et quaerebat videre Jesum quis esset, etc. (Luke 19): "And he sought to see Jesus, who he was." Saint Luke tells us that when our Lord walked on earth in human nature there was a rich man who sought to see him, and could not because of the crowd, for he was small of stature. According to a holy man, only the one who has plenty of God and virtue is truly rich. To be well off in goods and poor in God makes a person poor, not rich, for things are nothing compared to God. This is why that lord protested when his retainers praised him for his power and his wealth. He said, 'I think they do not praise me at all, since they have forgotten my strongest claim to praise, which is my power over my own body, to demand of it whatever I will.' This man who sought to see Jesus ran ahead of the crowd and climbed up into a tree so that he could see him. And Jesus said, 'Hurry and come down, for today I am staying at your house.' Whoever wants to see Jesus must outrun all things. What does it mean when someone does not hurry past things? It means he has not tasted God. If he had tasted God he would hurry to pass by all things, and not merely pass by them but break through all created things. What his love is ready to leave behind, he breaks through. If we fail to see God, this is as much because of our weak desire as because of the crowd of created things pressing in. Aim high, be high. Seeing God calls for high aspiration. Understand this: burning desire together with deep humility works wonders. I say God is all-powerful, but he has no power to resist the humble soul that reaches high. And wherever I cannot master God and bend him to my will, that is because I am lacking either in will or in humility. I say, and I would stake my life on it, that by will a person could break through a wall of steel. This is why we read of Saint Peter that on catching sight of Jesus he walked on the water, so eager was he to come to him.
Notice this: a thing that grows only by being filled will never become full. Take a vessel, a jug. If you pour into it and it stretches as it fills, then it will never be full. It is the same with the soul. The more she asks for, the more she is given, and the more she receives, the bigger she grows. Who is Jesus? He has no name. Where do we see God? Where there is no yesterday and no tomorrow, where it is now and today, there we see God. What is God? One master says, 'If I had to say something about God, I would say that God is something no mind can reach or grasp, and that is all I know about him.' Another master says, 'The one who knows that God is unknowable, that person knows God.' Then there is Saint Augustine's saying, 'God is something supreme and sovereign, common to all who share in him.' What he means is that God is something in which every creature must exist, for if a creature falls out of the hand of God's mercy, it falls back into the hand of God's justice. It must always remain in him. A person must have his being in God, and must have his enjoyment in God too, in God himself, if he is willing. But whoever does not find lasting satisfaction and enjoyment in God himself must look for it in things, things that are base, far beneath his own feet. Yet every creature without exception gets its being from God, even the damned in hell go on existing by some share in his being. Though they do not dwell in him in blessedness, they must still go on without him, against their will, in damnation. What folly it is to refuse to be with the one we cannot exist without!
Saint Augustine says, 'What is God? He is something we cannot imagine anything better than.' But I say, God is better than anything we can imagine. I say God is something, I do not know what, truly I do not know. He is pure being far more than not-being, he exists far more than he does not exist. Our highest aspirations are poor, groveling things that fall hopelessly short of God. He is beyond the heart's desire. When I preached in Paris I said, and I would say it again now, that no one in Paris, with all his learning, can grasp what God is even in the smallest creature, not even in a fly. And I will say more, the whole world is powerless to grasp it.
What God is in himself, no one can say, unless he is caught up into the light that God himself is. What God is in the angels is very far beyond us, and no one knows it. What God is in the soul that loves God, no soul knows except the soul he dwells in. What God is in these lower things, I know a little, but very little. The moment God comes within our understanding, our natural powers fail. May we be caught up into the light that is God himself, and there be blessed forever. So help us God. Amen.
Plain-English version by Gregory Lahn, from C. de B. Evans's translation of Franz Pfeiffer's edition (London, 1924), which is in the public domain.
Read the 1924 translation
HE SOUGHT TO SEE. . . WHO HE WAS
Et quaerebat videre Jesum quis esset etc. (Luc. 19). St Luke relates that when our Lord walked upon earth in human nature there was a rich man who sought to see him, and could not for the press for he was small of stature.' According to a holy man. Only he is rich who has plenty of God and virtue. To be well off for goods and stinted for God makes one poor and not rich, for things are as nothing to God. Hence the protest of that seigneur whom his retainers lauded for his power and his riches. Quoth he, 'I trow they laud not me one whit who have forgot my strongest claim to praise, my power over my body to demand of it what I will.' This man who sought to see Jesus did outrun the crowd and climbed up into a tree in order to see him. And Jesus said, 'Make haste and come down, for to-day I abide at thine house.' Whoso would see Jesus must outrun all things. What does it show when a man does not hasten past things? It shows he has not tasted God. If he had tasted God he would hasten to pass by all things, and not pass by merely but break through all creatures. What his love is ready to leave he breaks through. If we fail to see God that is due to our feeble desire no less than the concourse of creatures. Aim high, be high. To see God needs high aspiration. Know, ardent desire and abject humility work wonders. I vow God is omnipotent, but he is impotent to thwart the humble soul with towering aspiration. And where I cannot master God and bend him to my will it is because I fail either in will or meekness. I say, and I would stake my life upon it, that by will a man might pierce a wall of steel, and accordingly we read about St Peter that on catching sight of Jesus he walked upon the water in his eagerness to meet him.
Look you: a thing that grows in the filling will never get full. Take a vessel, a stoup; if you pour a stoup in and it stretches thereby then it will not be full. And so with the soul: the more she demands the more she is given; the more she receives the bigger she grows. Who is Jesus? He has no name. Where do we see God? Where there is no yesterday nor morrow: where it is now and to-day, there we see God. What is God? One master says, If I were forced to tell of God then I should say, God is a thing no mind can reach or grasp and that is all I know about him. Another master says, He who knows of God that he is unknown, that man knows God. Then comes St Augustine with his dictum, God is something sovran, supreme, which is common to all partakers. He means that God is somewhat wherein every creature must be; for if he fall out of the hand of the mercy of God he will fall back into the hand of the justice of God. He must ever be in him. Needs must a man have his being in God and have enjoyment in God withal, aye in God himself, an he will. But he who does not find eternal satisfaction and enjoyment in God himself must get it out of things, things that are base, far lower than his footstool; yet creatures without exception get their being from God, even the damned in hell persist on somewhat of his being. Though they dwell not in God in felicity, still they must go on without him, against their will, in damnation. What folly it is to refuse to be with him we cannot be without!
St Augustine says, What is God? He is something we cannot conceive any better.' But I say, God is better than anything we can conceive; I say, God is somewhat, I know not what, verily I know not. He is all that is being rather than not-being, existent more than non-existent; our highest aspirations are but grovelling things falling hopelessly short of God. He transcends heart's desire. When I preached at Paris I declared, and I durst now repeat, that not a man at Paris can conceive with all his learning what God is in the very meanest creature, not even in a fly. Moreover, I now say that the whole world is powerless to conceive it
What God is in himself no man can tell except he be ravished into the light that God is himself. What God is in the angels is very remote and nobody knows. What God is in the God-loving soul not a soul knows but the soul he is in. What God is in these nether things, I know to some extent but very little. What time God comes within our ken the natural faculties vanish. May we be rapt away into the light that is God himself and therein be forever blest. So help us God. Amen.
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